What Bart spoke about.

Madam President, dear Commissioner, my commitment in the first term to buy drinks for all shadow rapporteurs and the excellent staff has been reinforced by this debate. So you owe me one! I have two comments to make for the Green Party and especially the Pirate Party. They fear that the free and open internet is at stake. Well, let me just mention two things here. First, on my personal – my personal – journey to regulate root—level DNS servers, my personal journey was to get that out of scope, and we’ve managed: no regulation, no government controls of the root—level DNS. So be happy with that. The second thing is that the internet will be free, but if hackers hire anonymous infrastructure, then we want to know with what bitcoin address did you do it, what session cookie was placed, what IP address was used, what domain was used. We want to know those technical terms so we can track you and defend ourselves. The only thing I’d like to mention again to them is that it’s not just public information: it’s only there for legitimate access—seekers, and it means that cybersecurity experts and law enforcement get this information, but also journalists, and journalists are important. Why? This democratises the debate. Journalists can verify cyberattacks, verify what has happened. And democratising the debate on cybersecurity is one of the goals that we have also here in this Parliament. Last but not least, this is the best legislation we’ve yet seen in this continent. We go from a passive stance to an active stance. We’re shaping our digital environment in our atmosphere and therefore our digital future. I will leave you with one thought, which is food for thought. With the attack on Colonial Pipeline in the US, the malware, the malicious software, would not have gone live if the computers would have had Russian language settings or Russian time settings. Just remember that this is not just a technical problem, this is also a geopolitical problem, a problem for diplomacy, a problem for counter—intelligence. So the NIS is a good step forward. We’re not there yet. Russia will not stop with this legislation. We need to do more. That’s why I encourage the Commission with the new plans they came with today, we will work on it together. Thank you, and let’s vote.

Mr President, dear Commissioner, dear colleagues, it is with pride I stand before you here today in Brussels, the result of two years, almost two years, of fierce debates, hundreds of consultations with so many stakeholders from around the world. It resulted in the best cybersecurity legislation this continent has yet seen. And today, we are not just voting on that legislation that significantly enhances Europe’s cybersecurity – it makes it a safer place to work, do business and live. We are also introducing a new mindset in Europe, a new phase in our common European digital future. From pioneering to professionalisation, from cybersecurity as a niche subject to making it Chefsache – a good German word. The CEOs matter, and that goes for Commissioners and also for ministers. And most important, from reactive information-sharing after an incident, which is still important, to proactive prevention and actively stopping new accidents from occurring. Europe has suffered enormous costs of being attacked on an almost industrial scale, yet still we invest 41% less than our American businesses and the sharing of information in the cybersecurity community from which I stem, has been hampered. This legislation is reversing that. But meanwhile, because of the encouragement of the Kremlin, Russian hackers, criminal ransomware groups are trying to weaken economic wellbeing and economic structures. With the support of Beijing, many dozens of hacker groups try to steal our intellectual property and trade secrets to weaken our economies and strengthen theirs. Many of this is not directly seen with the eye or is in the media that often. It often happens that companies do not wish to go public, but it happens every day and that’s why we ask critical infrastructure to invest. That’s why we make a sound legal basis for information-sharing between governments, businesses, experts and countries outside the EU. And for those who think this is expensive, remember that the American credit rating agency Moody’s recently valued the NIS2 and said it’s credit-positive for doing business in Europe. Although this is the best cybersecurity legislation this continent has yet seen, let us not congratulate ourselves too much. Here’s what still needs to be done. First, if ransomware is an instrument of, let’s say, foreign policy of the Kremlin, then technical controls like this legislation will not stop Russia. We have to indict the hackers, track them, make sure when they travel, they get incarcerated behind bars. We need diplomatic and counterintelligence offensives as well. Secondly, yes, the NIS2 asks, demands that Member States put forward an active defence cyber posture. It means that, in practice, cybersecurity centres will have to cooperate with internet service providers to block malicious domains when people accidentally click on it, because it does happen. Thirdly, supply chain security. Yes, within the NIS2 there is a good possibility for reviewing risky software and hardware vendors. But we need new legislation to protect us. When countries with an offensive intellectual property theft programme directed against us and their companies enter our markets, we need legislation. Fourth, our sub-sea infrastructure. The NIS2 marks optic fibre cables below sea as vital infrastructure, but the plans to protect it are hardly sufficient yet. In the Defence and Subcommittee and Industry Committee, we will put forward new plans to do just that. Last but not least, colleagues, let me also take this opportunity to say that the last European cybersecurity vendor – endpoint security antivirus – that we have is European, and let’s keep it that way, Commissioner. I would like to thank all the shadow rapporteurs present here for their constructive political work on this file. The staff – I will buy you a drink afterwards! But let me just mention the most important people that have to be mentioned today in this plenary room: the cybersecurity community to whom this work is dedicated. I came to Brussels to make cybersecurity legislation, to create a safe place to work and to do business. That safer place is mainly the result of the hard work of those many cybersecurity professionals out there. And to all you computer nerds out there: we hear, we see you, we are keeping you enabled to do your business. You keep us safe, we see you and we support you. Now, let’s vote today on this important legislation and thanks for the good cooperation, everyone.

Mr President, dear Commissioner, dear colleagues, I’m a Member of the European Parliament coming from The Hague, the Netherlands. The Hague welcomes many people from around the world. But unlike any other city in the world, it actively welcomes war criminals by keeping them incarcerated behind bars. And I can tell you, there’s plenty of room in The Hague, I can assure you. In my experience, their countries extradite their war criminals to The Hague when they want to come clean with the past, when they envisage a new, brighter future. The Iranian people are currently in a similar process, imagining a brighter future for their country. So the importance of today’s debate here is not just about supporting the brave Iranian people, standing up to repression, to torture, and to the lack of freedom. It’s that, but it’s also about helping them imagine that bright future. Europe can do and should do exactly that by putting out new sanctions – sanctions to human rights offenders, to the IRGC – but also by actively hampering Iranian cyber operations. Let’s also make a plan for that, for new sanctions on dual—use goods. Let’s help the people in Iran by making the people in The Hague excited, by welcoming their new citizens behind bars.

Thank you, Commissioner, for that answer. I believe I agree with you, but it’s much, much more than the NIS2 and the Critical Entities Directive. It’s about placing sensors in our sea; it’s about connecting civilian coastguard capabilities with military attribution capabilities; it’s also about PESCO projects, for example. To make our submarines work for this task. It’s not there yet. And I’d really like to see industry data for any cable cut that we have in Europe, to be reported, that you have oversight, insight and then do something. It’s much more than we had, and I’d really like for the Commission to do more than the proposal of NIS2 and the Critical Entities Directive.

Thank you, Commissioner. It was almost three years ago that Russia disconnected itself twice from the internet with success – because it didn’t hurt their economy, it didn’t hurt their society. At the same time, they invested about 3 billion in a new submarine, the Belgorod, which is for deep seawater investigation. It’s not to win a Nobel Prize, I can guarantee. The GUGI institute was also erected and was invested in significantly. Despite the several calls from Parliament to do something about protecting our infrastructure below sea, nothing happened, so what we did, Commissioner, is ask for an academic study. The universities of Copenhagen and Oslo created a good study, with dozens of recommendations on what to do about protecting our subsea infrastructure. I was wondering whether President von der Leyen has read this great study because what I heard from her was not half of what is needed. I would suggest that we work together on this and reach out to the Commission and make a plan for this to even better protect our infrastructure. But the real question, dear Commissioner, is this: the favourite weapon of President Putin will be gas and it will be alternative gas paths and our LNG terminals are being recognised and reconnaissanced by cyber actors from Russia at this point in time. I would really like an effort from the European Commission to protect our LNG structures in Netherlands, in Germany and in Spain as well.

Mr President, dear Commissioner, dear Ministers, President Putin is not just slowly militarily losing on the battlefield in Europe, he’s also losing the information war against the EU. The EU has put forward, to his disadvantage, the Digital Services Act, the Code of Practice, dozens of initiatives on media literacy, on free journalism, and we’re even tackling the political party financing, which is a huge problem, as we’ve just seen on the far right and far left side of this House. Mouthpieces of Beijing and Moscow speak freely here. But I’m glad that the reasonable part of this House has put forward the initiatives to tackle just that. We shouldn’t underestimate, however, how Russian disinformation and propaganda is playing out in the rest of the world. Out there, populous countries in the global South – in Asia, Africa, Latin America – are slowly gaining sympathy for a tyrant murdering, raping, stealing. Troll farms are enabling that thinking. Russia – and others like China – are aiming at two thirds of the world’s population, and so should the EU, by countering those efforts. The next phase of our joint and evolving effort against disinformation, dear colleagues, should be exactly that: countering disinformation, extending our efforts to the rest of the world in the global South.

Mr President, dear Commissioner, dear Minister, dear colleagues, for the past ten years, Russia has invested significantly in its capability for deep—sea water research, or the sabotage capability, as we know it. For the past three years, Russia deliberately disconnected itself from the internet twice without severe consequences for its own economy or society. In the end of this year, internet cables were cut in Norway, Svalbard, where EU Galileo ground stations are present. All this time, this House asked for action, swift action. Last week, two, not three, four times Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 were sabotaged. This morning only, President von der Leyen announced a new plan to protect our critical infrastructure below sea. She announced satellite surveillance, stress tests and more cooperation. Well, dear colleagues, that’s not even close to what is needed. This House has the ideas what is needed, we will put them forward in the next couple of months and we hope to cooperate with you, dear Commissioner. Boost the Maritime Safety Agency in Lisbon that connects European coast guards, navies. Make it into a new paramilitary venue. Place sensors in our water, use industry data. Create PESCO projects to technically update our submarines for this task. And last but not least, attribute – make sure that every incident is reported, investigated towards the culprit together with NATO and neighbouring countries. Thank you, Slava Ukraini!

Mr President, some people would rather see ransomware as a mere technical or criminal problem instead of the Russian state deliberately enabling criminals to weaken Europe. Some would see former Prime Minister Gerhard Schröder working for Gazprom as a private matter, rather than a broader problem, with many top politicians working for authoritarian regimes, which is called ‘elite capture’. Some see Russian troll farms as an old phenomenon, merely finding its way into the digital age, instead of clear attempts to sow distrust, weaken and divide Europe on an unprecedented scale. Some see intellectual property theft and espionage by China as the second oldest profession in the world — what’s new? — instead of the slow drainage of our economic competitiveness. And some see payments from authoritarian states to political parties as a mere financial transaction, instead of direct foreign interference in our political processes. Now, too often, too often we have looked the other way from incidents, while in fact they are part of a collective, orchestrated, broad way of foreign interference in our democratic processes. Today, Parliament is not just voting on stopping turning a blind eye to these phenomenon. We are also calling for many ways to counter these orchestrated attempts to undermine Europe. Our freedom and democracies are at stake, like both Commissioners have told, so we need a structural and orchestrated response by the Council, the Commission, but also this Parliament. What started as a temporary commission is now going to be a structural European effort. This is the reason why I got into politics. This is the reason why I’m here in Strasbourg, and Brussels, and I’m very glad that this is merely the beginning of a structural, core orchestrated European response to counter such threats.

Madam President, China’s gratitude to Russia’s military manoeuvres against Ukraine must be endless. Xi Jinping knows that if Putin wins on Ukraine, China can finally march on to Taiwan. And Putin, he’s endlessly grateful for all the support he gets from Beijing. China does not criticise, as they both have a common rival: the West – the EU, NATO and its allies. What we see here is nothing less than a battle between autocracy versus democracy. Ukraine is about who’s in charge of the world’s order. So there’s little doubt what the West, NATO, the EU and our allies around the world must do. We need to rethink our security posture fast. Now, today in Strasbourg, we vote on two important reports, which give appreciation of this new geopolitical reality. First, by strengthening our most powerful weapon, which is a common united position on the world stage. And secondly, by building a European pillar in NATO. The gratitude of our citizens and future generations will be endless if executed well.

Mr President, in five years from now, 90% of our online content will be partially or entirely manipulated, according to academic research. Now that fact should alarm us lawmakers. Deepfakes, for example. Deepfakes may often be funny or creative expressions and could even enrich our online environment, but deepfakes may also gravely impact our security. What if President Putin, for example, decides to fabricate deepfakes to legitimise a ground war in Ukraine? Real accidents could happen. Now, the European Commission currently believes the best way of solving this problem is in the Artificial Intelligence Act, where it asks the producers of a deepfake to label it themselves. Well, ask President Putin to do that. Fortunately, my amendment to make online platforms legally responsible for both the detection and labelling of deepfakes made it into the draft report of the Digital Services Act, on which we will vote tomorrow. Now I urge you, rapporteur, dear colleagues, but especially the 27 EU Member States, to support this new provision on deepfakes, to withstand the lobby of social media platforms and to legislate deepfakes before accidents happen.

Madam President, whether the aggression in Ukraine remains below the threshold of military violence is all up to Vladimir Putin and his cronies. But if he decides to use military force, I say he has to know the cost will be sky-high. Now, the added value of our European Union is that we are extremely well positioned to communicate credibly such sky-high costs, also up front and as a deterrent, and I therefore call for the setting up of a ready-to-impose interdisciplinary set of countermeasures, economic sanctions, use agricultural certificates, but also migration visa. Show Russia’s elite what freezing assets would actually mean, blocking access to the European market, financial banking limitations, energy and trade instruments and so forth. Si vis pacem, para bellum. He wants peace, prepare for battle, and for the European Union in this moment means prepare to impose maximal costs in order to deter any stupid move towards new military escalation by Russia.

Mr President, in the cold month of December, we are expecting two heated decisions from the Commission. Firstly, on nuclear. Now here I am not just asking the Commission to take good notice of the rapidly-increasing political support for nuclear energy throughout Europe, I am also asking them to respect science, as reflected in the recent JRC report. Nuclear needs to be added to the taxonomy, both current and future generation reactors. Now secondly, this Parliament adopted a very ambitious hydrogen strategy on ramping up the hydrogen market here in Europe. But apparently, the sympathetic additionality requirement is actually hampering the large-scale production of green hydrogen. Matching the timing of electrolysis and additional renewable energy coming into operation is, in practice, a major hurdle for investors. The Commission should bring forward, I believe, rules that enable, instead of frustrating, green investment, and I am counting on the Commissioner to present two warmly-welcomed proposals for delegated acts in the cold month of December.

Madam President, some seven years ago all NATO members convened in Wales, and they agreed to spend 2% of their budgets, of GDP, on defence – and rightly so because we did not address the threats at that time, and we still do not. But now, seven years later, new threats have been added to the game: cyber—sabotage, intellectual property theft, disinformation, election interference, economic coercion and so forth. My question seven years later is, therefore, are we spending enough to counter these new threats that we face today? Does the West need to convene again, just like we did seven years ago in Wales, to counter the threats of our time? I believe we need to do so, and because the EU is often better positioned than NATO to counter such new threats, it is the EU which should diplomatically step up and take the lead to formulate a new spending norm to complement NATO and address the threats of our time and beyond.

Madam President, whenever there are clear rule of law violations in Europe, we will solve them ourselves, and we are already in the process of doing so. But what Europe cannot use at such a moment is foreign firms and foreign governments de facto enabling the crackdown and breakdown of democracy in Europe. That is exactly what the Israeli Government de facto did by authorising the sale of Pegasus malware to the Government of Viktor Orbán. It enabled Orbán to spy on, and attempt to further degrade, the democratic opposition in Hungary. The Israeli Pegasus sale to Hungary, therefore, is in a way a clear matter of unwanted foreign influence and foreign interference. I now ask my Israeli friends, as a true friend of Israel, to stop contributing to this. Stop exporting Pegasus to European nations with a clear rule-of-law problem. Help the EU to strengthen democracy, not to degrade it. And, dear Commissioner, may I kindly ask you to communicate this message clearly to the Government in Tel Aviv?

Madam President, some 20 years ago the great Ahmed Shah Masood visited this House, the European Parliament, and he was warmly welcomed. Now Commander Massoud led the heroic fight against both the Communist occupation and later against the Taliban in search of a better future, and he would have fought the Taliban regime today if it wasn’t for Osama bin Laden’s henchmen who killed Masood just two days before 9/11. But, dear colleagues, fortunately today, 20 years later, his son, Ahmed Masood Junior is leading the resistance against the Taliban regime, fighting for a better future. Now let us again invite Ahmed Shah Masood to this House, welcome him like we welcomed him 20 years ago, and work together with him on that better future in Afghanistan.

Madam President, what do hybrid threats, new threats, have in common, such as state driven disinformation campaigns, cybersabotage, election interference, economic coercion or large-scale intellectual property theft? What is it they have in common? Well, they are foreign policy objectives of both the Russian and also often the Chinese state. Their calculus of such operations is still low risk, low cost and high reward. Countering exactly that calculus, is at the centre of the current thinking in the European Parliament. But, that is only possible through an adequate response mechanism. So after a cyberdiplomacy toolbox – which I fully support – and a 5G toolbox, we believe it is time for a fully-fledged counter hybrid toolbox. Part of that toolbox must be that not only the injured state can respond, but also non-injured Member States. Collective countermeasures, acting in solidarity, will actually influence that Russian and Chinese calculus.