Speeches

Madam President, Commissioner, this report on Albania is clearly inconsistent. The country is therefore knocking on the door of the European Union against ringing and stumbling species, with EUR 758 million allocated to it between 2014 and 2020 under the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance alone. Yet between 2010 and 2019, more than 193,000 Albanians applied for asylum in the EU on grounds that were particularly cold in the back – from vendettas to human trafficking – in order to be considered refugees. Last year, the same Albanians increased the ranks of makeshift boats crossing the Channel before Rishi Sunak put it in order. Is this the level of a future Member State? I would add that, with a minimum wage of around EUR 360, Albania represents fierce competition, for example in the clothing sector, at a time when the Commission claims to have a sustainability strategy for this sector and local production is being shyly reborn from the ashes in my region of Lorraine, France. I am therefore fiercely opposed to any enlargement that would be an economic and civilizational aberration.

Madam President, the Sustainable Development Goals are likely to be as relative a success as those of the millennium, and that is deplorable. At least, the first version was limited to primary challenges, such as the fight against infant mortality or maternal health. The SDGs cover 17 broad areas and no fewer than 169 targets, including migration. To this end, the inventory at the Prévert of our two rapporteurs mixes various considerations, relating to the energy performance of buildings or public transport. ‘Vaste programme’, in the famous words of General de Gaulle, but which is hardly in unison with the aspirations of my compatriots in France. More than that, it must be said and repeated, Europe cannot assume eternal responsibility for global development. Members of the Paris Club held only about 11% of the debt of the 73 poorest countries in 2020, up from 29% in 2006. Meanwhile, China holds about 21% in Africa – not to mention hidden debt, which is not officially accounted for. I turn to the relevance and quality of certain infrastructure projects supported under the ‘New Silk Roads’ or to the issue of abusive interest rates. So let’s stop beating our backbone by obsessively evoking a supposed funding gap. New resources are at hand, beyond a single Western public aid, which has been spent at a loss for years. European taxpayers will be grateful.

Madam President, Commissioner, for several years, the leaders of VSEs and SMEs have been alerting us to the difficulties they have in finding the necessary qualifications. These severe labour shortages threaten many French companies, in particular, undermining their development and competitiveness. As usual, the European Commission, in addition to imposing increasingly abusive administrative burdens and standards, would like to put out the fire it has itself lit. Immigration is being sold as a miracle cure, while it is our youth who must spearhead this economic and industrial recovery. Let us first train our own before others, in short, in order to enhance our know-how and talents. As a trader for decades in my region of Lorraine, I found that lack of training was a barrier to recruitment. It is for these reasons that traineeships and apprenticeships in general must remain a national competence. By wanting to affect compensation and traineeship agreements, the European Union is threatening to destabilise the entire system, as it has also tried to do with the European minimum wage. For us, it is very clear: our companies are best placed to identify their needs, unlike the techno-managers in Brussels. Let us therefore listen to the players in the economy and train our youth, also in order to stem the brain drain.

Mr President, ladies and gentlemen, ten years after the Rana Plaza tragedy in 2013, which killed more than 1 100 people, mainly from the clothing sector, nothing has changed in Bangladesh, or too little. While improvements have substantially increased security within companies, according to the International Labour Organisation, the typical garment worker is a 23-year-old woman from a rural area who lives with her family in inadequate housing. There's nothing to poppy about. And this is not to mention the persistence of child labour. All this is appalling. But what about a European Union that, on the one hand, takes great note of its new sustainable textiles strategy and, on the other, has so far maintained exorbitant facilities in favour of such a beneficiary. I would also spare you the country’s record in terms of the status of women or the spread of radical Islam, which is the subject of the amendment. In France, the demonstrations relating to the Charlie Hebdo case are, in this regard, a grim memory. Bangladesh still enjoys the most favourable trade regime, even though the United States has withdrawn its equivalent advantages, from which textiles are excluded. Competition from low-cost countries could also kill off any hope of reviving domestic industries. I speak in full knowledge of the facts since my region, Lorraine, in France was historically the spearhead of French textile. Some courageous entrepreneurs are trying to take up the torch by braving the pangs of the energy crisis and inflation. In short, the case of Bangladesh illustrates the gaping gap between speech and action. Let us hope, without any illusions, that the new version of trade preferences will make it possible to reduce it somewhat.

Mr President, in 2021, eleven countries signed a letter, a few days before the Porto Social Summit. Their objective: It is imperative that nations retain control over their social policies. It was simple, it was clear, it was common sense itself. However, the Commission has done the opposite since then, imposing on us directives on the European SMIC, on guaranteed minimum incomes and now on trainees' salaries. States are gradually dispossessed of their democratic right to decide for themselves. The Europeanist offensive is total. By tackling training and our education, unemployment insurance, our salaries and even how to negotiate them through collective agreements, the French find themselves taken care of by the European Union from cradle to grave. Emmanuel Macron had only to take care of our pensions using the same dubious methods as the Commission. This has now been done. In short, the Porto Social Summit is the roadmap for a Europe that gets out of bed and spills over into all aspects of our lives. That is why we say: No. Faced with this, the Identity and Democracy Groups and ECR are jointly advocating another model: respect for sovereignty, the fight against immigration, which weighs on our social budgets, and the end of social dumping and unfair competition. Yes to a real policy for workers. A policy that can only be national.

Mr President, Commissioner, the end of the combustion engine. Liquidation of our nuclear industry. Abusive taxation and punitive ecology. The European Union is sinking the French economy. Worse still, the European Commission is aware of the disaster for which it is responsible. This is the raison d’être of the smoky Social Climate Fund, which is a file I have now been on for almost a year. This new tool, managed by Brussels technocracy, is ultimately just a simple dressing that we try to put on a purulent wound that Europe itself has opened up. In the final analysis, it is the Member States themselves that are asked to pay the price of the compress box, which the Commission also offers itself the right to apply to our devastated economies. As with the recovery plan at the time, it was the French who triaged and the Commission who posed for the photo. Also, we denounce the federalist logic that is turning at full speed. The EU is using and abusing any loophole to engulf itself in our national competences and get everything back on track. By plucking the fruit of our work and pretending to redistribute it generously, the European Union is openly mocking us. Faced with this vision that we refuse, we prefer to say yes to a localist policy that turns its back on free trade, yes to the defense of our nuclear sector, yes to an ingrained ecology and common sense. Yes, three times yes to build a Europe of free, truly free nations.

Mr President, Commissioner, the Bridgetown Agenda is based on an undeniable observation: 60% of low-income countries were at risk of over-indebtedness in 2022, up from 30% in 2015. And small island developing States are at the forefront of this crisis. A situation to which some loans made with China are not foreign. The latter would also be drawn to the ears to participate equitably in a possible global relief effort. Moreover, non-visible Chinese debt, i.e. debt not accounted for by the IMF, weighs heavily on the island developing states that are at the heart of this agenda. In this regard, let us begin by demanding that everyone should take responsibility. Further on, it must be noted that transparency is unfortunately not always there. Barbados, the leading country on the agenda, was on the FATF grey list in February on money laundering and terrorist financing, among others. Same as Jamaica or Haiti. In short, if the agenda contains relevant points, the fundamentals of development are immutable: flawless public management and transparency that inspires confidence among investors and funders. Until these conditions are met, raising the most vulnerable countries to the level of development that is hoped for would, alas, be illusory.

Mr President, Commissioner, our companies can no longer do so. Relocations, opening up markets to unfair competition, destructive free trade and steering our economy by technocrats who know nothing about the business world. In short, France has been suffering for decades from the European Union’s bad choices. The Commission continues to call on France to sell everything. But for what result? The competitive economy you sell us as carpet dealers is a decoy. The Chinese are attacking the car market and jeopardising all our sectors. Americans are subsidizing their industries at the expense of recovery in Europe. To this, you add massive immigration, which is supposed to solve the problem of labour shortages, but which in reality only weighs on the social budget. And you have the picture of total disaster. It is time to stop lying. Your old recipes don't work. Your decisions are made in spite of reality. The real thing is poverty and unemployment, soaring prices and the closure of our businesses. The real thing is the nightmare that people experience, that of the nations that had everything for them and that have only their eyes to cry. In the face of this, we have not changed the line: companies that produce here, borders that produce from there and states that finally act. You say more Europe, more jobs, we say more nation, more reindustrialisation, more economic patriotism. In short, all that you have refused but that the peoples have always demanded.

Mr President, Commissioner, the recent visit of the EU Special Envoy for the Serb-Kosovar Dialogue recalled Pristina’s relentless refusal to implement a provision of the 2013 Brussels Agreement, namely the establishment of the Association of Serb-majority Municipalities. This obstinacy, which has persisted for almost a decade, is symptomatic of the ostracism suffered by Kosovo Serbs. What solution do you propose to break the deadlock? Secondly, some visa agreements, which are one of the causes of the migration crisis in the region, have been rightly denounced. Another aspect of this crisis relates to the large number of Balkan nationals themselves in migratory flows. I am thinking here of Albanian migrants, who are rushing to the United Kingdom or the European Union to seek asylum there. In the context of the negotiations, I believe that there is an urgent need to find a solution to this situation, which is incompatible with Albania’s status as a candidate country. It is also a question of credibility.

Mr President, with an expected investment of EUR 300 billion, the new European Global Gateway programme is competing strongly with China, Africa’s largest trading partner since 2009. But such an ambition implies a departure from a certain naivety. Naivety, first of all, because it is not enough to do, it is necessary to make known: 59% of Africans had a positive view of China’s influence in 2019-2020, down to 46% of Europeans. A disconcerting result in terms of our financial and human investment. I am thinking in particular of the French army in the Sahel. Naïve also when, for example, a public contract in Senegal, co-financed by the European Investment Bank to the tune of EUR 80 million, was won by a Chinese company. On this point, we unfortunately remain the useful idiots of the rest of the world. Westerners are also called to the rescue when it comes to an African debt held at least 21% by Beijing. And while its lending practices are decried, China seems to be evading a possible collective relief effort. In short, Europeans must first and foremost stop working for the King of Prussia or, if I dare say so, for the Emperor of China.

Mr President, ladies and gentlemen, the European infernal machine is running at full speed. By ignoring the social urgency and despite common sense, the European Union is asking us to revise the European Works Councils Directive. That's the good deal! All this to add to this technocratic bric-à-brac gender quotas, some unnecessary clarifications and penalties for the most recalcitrant. In short, while Europe, on the one hand, is sinking into the economic crisis and, on the other hand, is being assailed by immigration that is rampant at our borders and does not hesitate to break through the door by entering illegally, now we are paying the luxury of fine-tuning European directives. We do not accept that Brussels allows itself all its whims, as they are indeed whims. Indeed, the feedback on the ground is very clear since stakeholders see no interest in this revision. Worse, while our businesses need oxygen to grow, we refuse to add even more unnecessary bureaucracy. Obliging companies to hold information meetings and set up committees... But we are walking on our heads! For us, it is very clear: national labour law takes precedence over everything else. If a French worker is covered in France, he is subject to French law. It is very simple, very, very simple. However, the European Union complicates everything when the situation is self-evident. We refuse to waste precious time when there are priorities. We have to do our jobs, our businesses, our know-how. That is all that needs to be done. The French expect us – I speak for the French because it is my country – to defend them, not to pretend to play with European officials who change commas in reports and put the directives in the Wokist hour. Let's make it clear. We are fighting for our countries, me, France, and for her alone. This is also why it is simple to understand.

Mr President, ‘Uber Files is a ton of foam with a gram of soap’. This was what the French government spokesman dared to say when he published the documents showing the extent of hyper-aggressive lobbying by platforms several months ago. A ton of moss... This scandal, which affects all European countries, is being swept aside as delivery workers die, labour law anarchy reigns and our courts fall under the number of disputes. No, to be outraged at the fate of French workers is not to make a ton of moss, as they say. Uber lobbied to circumvent our national laws for the sole purpose of doing good business, as Mark MacGann, the whistleblower behind Uber Files, explained to the Employment Committee on 25 October. The contempt of the irresponsible politicians is unbearable. In the face of these leaders who are putting our workers at risk, we demand that the light be shed. Soap, foam? No, but! Especially the right to know the truth.

Madam President, ladies and gentlemen, we were wrong about everything. This is, in essence, Charles Michel’s admission of Europe’s record, an admission which he ended up having to admit in his op-ed published in the newspaper on 15 January. After three decades of deindustrialisation, the President of the European Council can no longer deny the total economic failure and the stalemate in which the European Union is leading us. Faced with the aggressive industrial policy of China and the United States, Brussels realises that all these mountains of regulations, these lists of promises and these multiple declarations of intent have served no purpose. Indeed, the massive plan to support US companies and the Chinese government’s state aid to their industries contrast with the liquidation of our industrial jewels imposed by the European Union, as was the case for Pechiney or Arcelor. Protectionism, industrial voluntarism, defence of our major groups, that was what had to be done from the beginning. In any case, this is what we at the Rassemblement National intend to do and have planned for a long time.

Madam President, more than 4 000 kilometres away, terror and fear want to bury the hope born of a surge of freedom. Despite the extreme harshness of the regime, many women circulate without the prison that is the veil all over the country. Taking all risks, the protesters decided to show that Iran is not only the result of the 1979 Islamic revolution, but also a civilization that once celebrated as many goddesses as gods and did not always slam women. We must support this immense hope of freedom. We must drive away the hypocrisy that too often, if not permanently, prevails in our institutions. Shame on those who are able to make themselves liberators of women in Iran, but promoters of the Islamic veil in Europe. Shame on those who advocate emancipation there, but play the game of oppression here. Shame on those who support the freedom of Iranian women, but allow the submission of French, Belgian, German and Dutch women to Islamic law in our cities and neighbourhoods. The long civilisation we inherit guarantees equality between men and women and offers unparalleled freedom in space and time. Now more than ever, therefore, is the time to preserve who we are, to become aware of the invaluable opportunity our culture offers to our fellow citizens, and how fragile it can be if it is not fiercely defended.

Mr President, Commissioner, the New Year's Eve is an opportunity to make good resolutions. It is an evening where targets are set for the coming year. However, contrary to tradition, the European Union has no problem making us the same number throughout the year, from 1 January to 31 December. The problem is that everyone knows that the right resolutions are made not to be held. That is exactly what is happening here. This time, it is the children who receive the full attention of the European authorities. We grant it to you: fighting poverty, ensuring that our young people have a good education and that the youngest are accommodated in affordable structures must be top priorities. Saying it is good; doing so is better. That is the problem: The EU cannot, since we are talking here about a child guarantee which is only 5% of a European social fund which is itself already ridiculous. Yet the numbers on the ground are far more worrisome. One in four children in the EU is at risk of poverty or social exclusion. This is even more true at a time when prices are rising and temperatures are falling. The situation is deteriorating at great speed V. We have long denounced the bad political and energy choices made here. Thank you Europe for the disastrous result that the French are facing head-on. Nineteen degrees in homes: Imagine for the elderly and for children! Children fall into poverty because their families, especially single-parent families, are struggling to make ends meet. There is something indecent about this gadget that is this European guarantee, when it does not guarantee anything at all. It is even more sad, with Christmas approaching, that homes do not have enough to warm hearts. The only guarantee that is worthwhile is that of employment, reindustrialisation and the return of public services. More than a good resolution, it is actually the only solution.

Mr President, I cannot associate myself with a text that makes yet another call for increased international aid that is still disproportionately provided by Europe and the United States. Similarly, any discussion of debt should, first and foremost, involve China, which holds about 21% of the debt of the African continent, often through loans backed by draconian terms. Development policies cannot be limited to public aid. Other resources need to be used. We all have in mind UNCTAD’s estimate of $88.6 billion in illicit capital flight to Africa, a valuable resource for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Couldn't personal remittances, which now outperform public aid as external revenue for most low- and middle-income countries, also be better exploited? An effective strategy is based above all on mutual trust between donors and beneficiaries. In that regard, the conditionality of the aid, in particular the return of migrants, is a non-negligible requirement. Our wish would be for the post-Cotonou agreement to be an opportunity for a fresh start for a genuine development policy.

Madam President, neither will the French be consulted on a possible enlargement to the Balkans, nor on the previous waves of accession – 59% of them are rightly opposed to this. Let’s talk about economy first, since the Albanian minimum wage of EUR 250 is the lowest in Europe, leading to unacceptable dumping, for example for the textile sector, which is starting a timid renaissance in the lands of the Grand Est that are dear to me. As regards security, a recent Europol report recalls Islamist infiltration, aggravated by the return of jihadists. Finally, this leak forward will only reopen wounds never closed. Thus, Serbia is required, more or less explicitly, to recognize Kosovo as a prerequisite for accession. And according to the echoes of it, the recent proposal from Paris and Berlin would be close to the most unworthy bargaining on this point. We will therefore not be trapped in a project as unpopular as it is irresponsible and capable of setting the Balkan powder keg on fire.

Mr President, Commissioner, the European Union never lacks imagination when it comes to wasting time and money on useless texts. And what better example than these guidelines? Almost every year, the Brussels institutions waste their time drawing up these non-binding guidelines, just there to orientate on subjects that do not, in general, even fall within their competences. Do you therefore think that the Member States are so incompetent, so incapable of taking decisions on their own? Have you gone so far in your federalist illusions that you feel compelled to tell our rulers what to do? Whatever the topic on the table, you only have one answer: more EU. You dream it all powerful and present in everything. And in the few areas that we have still managed to preserve, despite your assaults, you allow yourself advice and guidance. This may surprise you, but we do not need your advice. We democratically elect our governments and, whether we support them or not, they are responsible for governing us. We strongly reject this European interference, which gives lessons when it should be silent. Our Member States are in the best position to know for themselves what they need. In these turbulent times of repeated crises, decency would have you let countries do what it takes to get their people out of the crisis. People have their eyes on you, ladies and gentlemen, and the recent elections reveal their mistrust of the European Union. It's time to listen to them.

Madam President, Commissioner, ladies and gentlemen, with the health crisis, the EU has taken care to prevent the French from leaving their homes. With the energy crisis, you are now making us live hell inside our home. The fight against energy poverty is actually summed up by wearing sweaters and rolled collars in our homes. I'm ashamed of you. On this World Day for the Eradication of Poverty, we are reduced to approaching the future in misery and cold. A situation for which Europe is entirely responsible. The ecological transition, the desire to bury nuclear energy in the long term, the organized dependence on foreign gas and the dogmatism around intermittent energies such as wind will indeed end up costing us dear, very expensive. Your green energy mix project is plunging the household budget into the red. The stagnation of wages as well as inflation, which melts as snow in the sun the savings of the peoples of Europe, lead us right to general impoverishment. We had already pointed to your plan to end homelessness in 2030. The problem is that despite what you say, the phenomenon is far from being solved. Worse, it is getting worse at such a rate that the actors on the ground no longer know where to turn. It is time to put an end to this disastrous policy. France must regain control by lowering VAT, investing in nuclear power, exiting the European energy market and immediately stopping the policies that the Greens are demanding while the people suffer. The only way to stem poverty is to: regaining our sovereignty.

Madam President, ladies and gentlemen, the integration – sorry, the – of the Roma is one of the sea snakes of the European programmes. However, the assumptions on which they are based do not stand up to scrutiny. It must be said that dealing with this issue implies a good deal of lucidity, particularly with regard to the real desire to assimilate so many Roma into the majority population. In this regard, the persistence of practices that deeply offend our sensitivities, such as early marriage or child labour, justifies certain specificities. This persistence may also partly explain why the record of public policies deployed in recent years in favour of these populations is of rare destituteness. However, this is not due to lack of generosity: This is demonstrated, for example in the field of education, by the quotas and other scholarships made available by certain Member States. Moreover, school segregation cannot be mentioned without acknowledging that it too often results, as I have pointed out in the past, from decisions by parents of pupils who disagree with the management of the school as to the prospects of their children. You can see it: the causes of the current status quo are diverse and require a measured response. As long as the Commission insists on an unqualified condemnation of some Member States, any improvement seems out of reach.

Madam President, Commissioner, I can only be delighted to hear you finally talk about our SMEs. More than 60% of them had already reported their difficulties following the health crisis. And now that they are trying to get back on track, they have to deal with the crisis caused by the rising cost of living. It is more than urgent to take an interest in their fate. In her speech yesterday on the EU, Ursula von der Leyen presented her ideas, which you took up today. Of course, we can only agree with you on this point. Our SMEs deserve an enabling environment for their development, a skilled workforce and reliable sources of raw materials. Yet your response to these concerns is sadly Pavlovian. Create new funds paid directly or indirectly by Member States and establish free trade treaties when we are in a weak position to negotiate. At the same time, why change a losing team? To your observation, you add the usual sustainability and transition goals that are supposed to solve everything. That, too, is becoming sadly systematic. However, when the EU discusses the establishment of a social climate fund, which is supposed to help reduce the negative effects of this forced green transition, it excludes SMEs. Apparently, it is better to support the unemployed than employers. What I finally notice is that there is not much in your speech about short-term solutions. At the moment T, what concerns our SMEs is whether it is better to reduce the order book, become technically unemployed or simply close. What we would like to know, Commissioner, is what will be offered to Member States to help them support their SMEs. On that, I think you're a little quiet. It is high time for our policy makers to take responsibility and make the right decisions. Capping the price of gas is a good thing, but it is not enough. More needs to be done to support these companies, which are the backbone of our economy. Behind your fine words today, Commissioner, we are therefore waiting to see your actions, hoping that they will be more successful than your recent decisions. The survival of our economy depends on it.

Mr President, Commissioner, austerity, social breakdown, cuts in public services: A few years ago, the EU did not go there with a dead hand to snatch the Euro-Titanic that was fleeing everywhere. While the small music of the return to budgetary rigour is being heard, the European Union is drowning out the fish with texts like this one. When you – and I quote – call on the Commission to promote the social economy at international level, you really have to restrain yourself so as not to laugh. The reality is that the cumbersome "Commission" liner is sailing blind, encountering galley on galley, submerging our markets with low-cost products, imported through container ships that cross seas and oceans. How far away is the social economy! We no longer have time to pay for words by adding commas to reports that ultimately have only one goal: set the bar for a Commission that rows, while the purchasing power of the French takes hold. Faced with drift, against winds and tides, the patriots are the only ones to keep the course of the nation that protects.

Mr President, Commissioner, the pandemic has demonstrated the state of devastation in our health care system, plagued by the lack of resources and the precariousness in which professionals in the sector are plunged. Neither one nor two, the European Commission, visibly very proud of its handling of the latest crisis, feels pushed to the point of volunteering to become director of Hospital Europe in order to manage the next one. We think we're dreaming. This report accomplishes the unprecedented feat of crossing all the red lines, trampling on the sovereignty of states with the famous European Health Strategy, which we resolutely reject. We thought we'd seen it all: Undocumented migrants should be able, according to the report, to benefit from care like all others. We refuse all these excesses. The French are no longer entitled to the air call that constitutes aid for foreigners who have arrived on our soil, especially since at the time we are talking, one in two of my compatriots has already given up seeking treatment, for lack of resources or doctors. Faced with this unacceptable report, we have co-signed, together with the ECR Group, an alternative resolution in order to bring together another model where the only reminder we accept is that of defending our nations. To take care of health, let us avoid following the unfortunate prescriptions of the Commission.

Madam President, ladies and gentlemen, the ordeal of the Uyghurs in Xinjiang province throws a stark light on a China where civil liberties, particularly religious liberties, remain limited to the congruent portion. Indeed, in addition to the fact that only official religions have the right to be cited, their worship is restricted to a so-called "normal" practice, without that concept being defined. Moreover, the persecution of Uighur Muslims, as well as Christians in Xinjiang, is part of a sinization strategy aimed at placing all faiths under the ruthless tutelage of the Communist Party. One million members of ethnic minorities, mainly Muslim, including Uighur, are reportedly detained. At the same time, Christians are subjected to the worst bullying, as illustrated by the scandalous arrest of a 90-year-old cardinal. Our recent debate on forced organ harvesting will also have highlighted one of the most sordid aspects of such systematic abuse. We must therefore be clear-sighted about the true nature of the Chinese regime, beyond its cleverly distilled propaganda towards the rest of the world.

Mr President, ladies and gentlemen, do you hear this little music coming up? Like the proposals of the Conference on the Future of Europe, which clearly call for a European education policy, there is growing pressure on states to renounce their sovereignty. This resolution on the European Education Area goes totally in this direction by crossing several red lines. First, the recognition of micro-credentials is not included in the Council Recommendations, as mentioned in the text. Your invasive Europeanism therefore goes far beyond the demands of states. Secondly, the text refers to reports that have not yet been adopted, such as the one on the New Bauhaus. We do not accept this policy as a fait accompli. For us, things are clear: we refuse to place the fate of the French in the hands of a Europe responsible for social devastation and deindustrialisation, but which remains convinced of transforming everything it touches into gold. Qualifications, training and certifications must remain in the hands of nations. With us, education will have to remain national.