Speeches

Madam President, honourable Members, I think it was very good to listen to this discussion and see how united the Members of Parliament were on this issue because I think it is very important that we are united and we are defending our European competitiveness together here. We should now convey the same message to the USA, regardless of Member State, because it is very important that we are all defending our single market, but also we have to find new approaches to cooperate in a constructive way with our strategic allies like we have seen. Many of you were underlining the importance of building up our own capacities when it when it comes to chips and I fully agree with you. You know that we have also defined semiconductors as one of our critical areas where we have to also do better in the future. We have set a target that in 2030, we should produce 20 % of semiconductors in the European Union, and I have to say that we are not there yet, so more actions are needed. We have the European Chips Act and in the first year it was already very successful, I would say, because it was mobilising investments of more than EUR 80 billion to our semiconductors. It is a framework to boost technological capabilities and European manufacturing. We also have the Chips Fund for start-ups and SMEs, and for research we also have the Chips Joint Undertaking, but more actions are needed in this area. I said that we are preparing a review of the Chips Act by September 2026, but of course it does not mean that here, in the meantime, we are doing nothing because we have currently already the Chips Act, which it's not very old legislation and we are all the time working with it because more actions are needed to really boost investments and innovations in this area. Because I see, as many of you also mentioned, that when we want to be competitive in the future, and especially when we want to invest in AI and quantum computing semiconductors, it's very much a precondition for everything else. So that is very much the area where we really need urgent actions and we are all the time taking them. But thank you very much for all your support, because I see also that this is an important priority when it comes to our technologies and competitiveness.

Madam President, Chair of the ITRE Committee, honourable Members, thank you for this very timely question on the US export restrictions on AI chips. This issue is of great concern for the Commission. The restrictions limit European access to the latest AI chips and also AI models. The EU is strategically positioned to advance and develop safe and secure and also trustworthy AI applications and systems. So it is our legitimate interest to develop such applications to benefit our citizens, society and also the economy at large. But it's also in the US's economic and security interests that the EU buys advanced AI chips from USA. We are still evaluating the impact of the US's measures. We see potential risks that these measures pose to our single market. There are risks to the free movement of goods – AI chips – and there are risks also to cross-border provision of AI-enabled services. So we will use all diplomatic means to request that the US would treat the EU in a non-discriminatory way. I believe that lifting the restrictions would benefit both EU and USA. The EU is the best customer of the US for tech exports and we want to buy more US advanced semiconductors. Lifting the restrictions would also serve the Trump administration's goal to reduce US trade deficit with goods with the EU. And furthermore, EU Member States are security allies of the US, not posing any threats. It would be counterproductive from the US to reduce many EU Member States' choice of chips vendors to less secure producers. So we cannot yet fully predict the impact of the measures of AI factories. Now we are monitoring potential mid- to long-term implications for high-performance computing, AI, and also to cloud computing, especially on AI gigafactories and also data centres that rely on advanced AI chips. Overall, the restrictions would lead to a two-speed Europe when it comes to AI services and we cannot accept this. Semiconductors are critical technology for our digital transition, also for our competitiveness and for our strategic vision on AI continent. As set out in the Competitiveness Compass, we are seeking true independent sources of high-end technologies for Europe. We should not be dependent on non-EU licensing schemes, export bans or restrictions. We are already working very hard towards these goals. With the Chips Act, we have a framework to boost technological capabilities and also European manufacturing. Through the Chips Fund, we are providing financial support with equity and grants to startups and also for SMEs developing chips for AI. And under the Chips Joint Undertaking, we have many thematic calls for research and development projects in semiconductor AI technologies. In the context of the Joint Economic Forum for Important Projects of Common European Interest, we are also exploring the possibility to support the development of AI chips. The European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking will also launch the DARE Framework Programme Agreement, which will develop a full, high-performance computing ecosystem based on an open hardware technology for AI chips. We will also review the Chips Act by September 2026. That will be an opportunity to assess the act and also identify areas for further action. So we are fully committed to fostering excellence on AI research and innovation across the European Union. We have already taken concrete steps. Now we have invested over EUR 100 million to strengthen the networks of excellence on AI and with the 'apply AI' strategy, we will develop world-class AI models and foster the integration of AI technologies into more strategic sectors. The aim is to unlock the potential of innovation and also to enable also European companies to be global frontrunners. Just today, in Paris, in AI summit, President von der Leyen also launched 'invest AI', an initiative to mobilise EUR 200 billion for investments in AI, including a new European fund of EUR 20 billion for AI gigafactories.

Mr President, first, thank you for this debate. And thank you for all the support for our very strong and coordinated actions we are making. Keeping Europe safe is my priority during this mandate. Much has been done, but much more is needed, as we know. You can count on the Commission to ensure that this will happen. We will together defeat Putin's war of aggression and hostile actors sabotaging our security. We will remain vigilant. We will build our own resilience and strengthen our ability to hold those behind attacks accountable for their actions. We stand ready to respond fast and decisively to all these threats.

Mr President, honourable Members, in recent months we have seen a series of further incidents affecting sub-sea critical infrastructure. The latest was on Christmas Day and resulted in damage to an undersea power transmission cable between Finland and Estonia and four undersea data cables. First of all let me commend the swift action taken by Finland and Estonia, as well as their transparency in sharing information with the Commission and the Member States. We strongly condemn any deliberate destruction of Europe's critical infrastructure, including damage to energy infrastructure and undersea cables. These events demonstrate the vulnerability of the critical infrastructure which we rely on for carrying data, gas and electricity. This must be seen against a backdrop of geopolitical tension and Russia's hybrid attacks against the EU. The damage of one single cable may not necessarily have a big impact on our telecommunications. However, systemic disruption may cause severe consequences for the affected regions and also the Union as a whole. Such damage could also entail significant risks for the environment and maritime safety in Europe. We can best respond to these challenges if we act together, combining civil and military responses. The joint statement of the Baltic Sea NATO Allies Summit of 14 January shows the value of cooperation in tackling hybrid threats. Together we are stronger. Against this background, we must prepare for the worst‑case scenario and take a whole‑of‑government approach to deal with actors who are prepared to use an array of tools while trying to destabilise democratic societies. Let me explain how the EU Commission is working on three fronts. We are improving coordination, we are enhancing governance and we are also increasing funding. On coordination, the legal instruments we need when it comes to prevention and preparedness are already in place. The directive on the resilience of critical entities – the so-called CER Directive – and the directive on a high level of cybersecurity across the Union – the so-called NIS 2 Directive – entered into application in October 2024. These two sister directives are the basis for coordination and preparedness against threats and disruption. The CER Directive improves the physical security and resilience of critical entities. The NIS 2 Directive improves the overall cybersecurity and digital resilience of critical infrastructure from cyber-, physical and environmental threats. This means that the providers of digital and critical infrastructure must also ensure protection against unauthorised physical access, damage, sabotage and interference. The necessary rules are in place, but we need more efforts on transportation. We continue to support Member States and call on them to transpose both directives as soon as possible. Last week we also published the Cyber Solidarity Act. It provides coordinated digital preparedness testing in highly critical sectors, including digital infrastructure and – also related – cables. The Act also creates the EU Cybersecurity Reserve, which can respond to significant or large‑scale cybersecurity incidents. Following the explosions along the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline, the Council recommendation on critical infrastructure resilience addressed preparedness, response and international cooperation, with concrete measures. Member States have also conducted voluntary stress tests of critical infrastructure in the energy sector to identify vulnerabilities, and these pilot initiatives should be expanded to further sectors. The Commission is also working with Member States and ENISA under the recommendation from February 2024 on secure and resilient submarine cable infrastructures to perform a mapping of cables and assess related risks, develop a cable‑security toolbox of mitigating measures, and also draw up a list of cable projects of European interest. These measures all focus on prevention and preparedness, yet we also need to hold actors accountable for sabotage and other attacks. For this, our coordinated action using sanctions is worth mentioning. In December 2024, the Council adopted its 15th sanctions package against Russia, focusing, among other aspects, on the shadow fleet. As part of these sanctions, 52 additional vessels were added to the list of those banned from accessing ports and from receiving a wide range of maritime transport services. Second, on governance, in the EU we are lacking a common governance of cable technologies and cable‑laying services to ensure rapid and secure repair and maintenance of cables. We need to work in concert with NATO, which is a key actor when it comes to deterrence in the high seas. At the recent summit of Baltic Sea nations' governments, the Commission and NATO outlined concrete and very coordinated action to address the challenges in cable resilience, protection and repair. We welcome the actions launched by the NATO allies, such as new patrol and surveillance operations, to protect critical infrastructure in the Baltic Sea. The European Commission is ready to do more and better in our prevention, early detection, as well as response and recovery capabilities. We are currently working on identifying concrete actions and steps to be taken – and some more structurally – to improve the resilience and security of the undersea cables. And third, on funding, this includes our already substantial investments in the security and resilience of submarine cables through the Connecting Europe Facility digital programme, including in the Baltic Sea, where we are currently financing eight projects. In addition, there is more than EUR 5 million earmarked for connectivity infrastructure in the CEF digital work programme in the coming years. The first call is ongoing. Furthermore, under the CEF, we are supporting the deployment of smart cable systems that can be used to monitor nearby activities and anticipate threats and vulnerabilities, acting as an early‑warning system. We are also looking into how to further reinforce our ability to deploy and repair cables so that we are equipped with the necessary fleet able to rapidly intervene in all EU regions. Keeping Europe safe is my priority, including safeguarding our critical infrastructure on sea, on land and in space. Now I'm looking forward to hearing your views, so thank you for your attention.

Madam President, honourable Members, thank you for this very lively debate and your very valuable contributions. This Commission and me personally are fully committed to promoting and protecting democracy across the EU. The DSA has given the Commission now the tool needed for a high level of responsibility by providers of online platforms, combined with very robust oversight. I will continue applying this critical tool, together with the national Digital Services Coordinators, in an effective and accountable way. In this context I vow to advance with and accelerate the cases under the DSA and, while respecting due process, come to conclusions as early as legally possible, with solid evidence in the open proceedings. It's very clear that everybody doing business in Europe or providing services in the EU has to respect our rules, which are very balanced and fair: the same rules for European companies and for those who are coming from the third countries. This DSA is also balancing freedom and responsibility. For example, when it's coming to content moderation – that was mentioned many times here – in the European Union, the reasons for the content moderation by developers are registered in a public database in Europe, and annual reports must also be published on their content moderation practices. So we have a great level of transparency here also when it comes to content moderation, and for these reasons, so the reasons are published. The users must also have the possibility to opt out of being profiled for their recommender system, giving users the option of alternative social media feeds. So transparency is a vital precondition for accountability in democracy, as we know. The Commission will present an ambitious approach in the Democracy Shield, with a comprehensive, all‑of‑society approach to face the multiple threats to our democracy. So I look forward to continuing this exchange with you.

Madam President, honourable Members, democracies today face an increasing challenge from interference. And indeed, we have seen that social media is one of the vehicles used. We have seen it during the past years in the so-called 'doppelganger campaign', a Russian influence operation on Facebook and Instagram. We opened formal proceedings on that influence operation under the Digital Services Act. We have also seen it in the last month in Romania, where the Constitutional Court annulled presidential elections after declassified documents allege the existence of coordinated manipulation campaign on TikTok. We opened formal proceedings on that against TikTok. These are extraordinary events in the history of European democracy. Democracy is a founding value of our Union. Free, fair and inclusive elections are at the core of democracy. Interference in elections requires a powerful response. The EU has the most advanced and powerful legal framework for online platforms, balancing freedom and responsibility: the Digital Services Act. The DSA defines clear responsibilities for all very large online platform providers that provide services in the EU. The platforms are obliged to conduct a risk assessment and to implement and effectively enforce mitigating measures, including on electoral processes and civic discourse. They are also subject to independent audits. Based on the risk assessment, platform providers may have to adjust algorithms, the design of their online interface and content moderation systems to better mitigate these risks. It cannot be said often enough that the DSA does not censor content. It creates efficient mechanisms for the removal of illegal content defined by other EU or national law, such as illegal hate speech, because what is illegal offline is also illegal online. But beyond supporting compliance with such limited prohibitions, the DSA ensures that anyone is entitled to express their opinion as protected under the Charter of Fundamental Rights. The DSA contains strong safeguards to protect freedom of expression on platforms' users. Transparency is a core principle of the DSA, giving greater agency to better inform citizens, civil society organisations and others in the DSA ecosystem. The DSA obliged platform providers to be transparent about their terms and conditions, and to set out the main parameters that underlie their recommender systems. Transparency is a vital precondition to accountability in democracy, where a fact-based debate is combined with strong third-party scrutiny and cooperation with journalists, civil society organisations, fact checkers and independent researchers. They play a crucial role in providing accountability and scrutiny of platforms' mechanisms. In this context, the Commission has already opened cases against very large online platforms on publicly available access to data. The Commission is also preparing a delegated act on data access for researchers for the more far-reaching data access, which is consulted on with stakeholders in the last few months. Given the many elections taking place last year and this year, the Commission issued guidelines in April 2024 for the very large online platforms and search engines on the measures they have to take to mitigate risks for electoral integrity. Rest assured, the Commission takes the enforcement of the DSA very seriously. We have already taken decisive steps. Since the entry into application of the DSA, 25 very large platforms and search engines were designated and no less than 10 proceedings were opened: one against X, three against TikTok, one against AliExpress, two each against Meta's Facebook and Instagram, and one against Temu. In one case, preliminary findings were adopted and one was already closed. Let me say this very clearly: the compliance teams are working at full speed. For example, in recent days, the Commission has requested X to provide internal documentation on its recommender systems and any recent changes made to it by 15 February 2025. We have also issued a retention order to X requiring the platform provider to preserve internal documents and information regarding future changes to the design and functioning of its recommender algorithms. And we have issued a request to access certain X commercial application programming interfaces, so-called APIs. These are technical interfaces to its content that allow direct fact-finding on content moderation and virality of accounts. It is important to note that strong and timely enforcement of the DSA requires careful detective work by expert teams, very solid evidence and also decisions that stand up in the court. During my hearing, I said that I will make sure that we will double the number of colleagues working on the DSA by the end of 2025 to a team to 200 staff. The Commission does not work on the DSA in isolation, especially in matters related to election integrity, which require efforts both at the EU and national level and across institutions and policies. We work very closely with the digital services coordinators in the European Board for Digital Services, including through the Working Group on Integrity of the Information Space, and also directly with those digital services coordinators of Member States which have upcoming elections in their countries. More generally, we also work with the framework of the European Cooperation Network on Elections, bringing together national authorities dealing with electoral matters. The network will hold a strategic discussion now on 5 and 6 February, on issues such as the equality of opportunities among political parties and candidates, election integrity and risk management in electoral contexts. Honourable Members, the DSA is a responsibility-based system. It provides for codes of conduct to help platforms to meet their obligations. This is why this week we assessed and confirmed the suitability of the Code of Conduct on Illegal Hate Speech Online under the DSA. This will strengthen the response against all illegal online hate speech as defined by different EU and Member State laws, so that hate speech flagged is assessed in 24 hours and removed if necessary. Focusing on the future, I am also committed to move ahead with the assessment of the Code of Practice on Disinformation, with a view of issuing an opinion, integrating also this code into the DSA framework. As part of the Code of Practice on Disinformation, a broad range of signatories agreed on taking on the commitments and targeted measures to fight disinformation. Meta, Google, Microsoft and TikTok are already signatories of this code. In view of the threat that disinformation poses to our societies, I expect strong commitments from platform providers to continue implementing the code with appropriate measures to put this into practice. When it comes to elections, the rapid response system of under this code has proven to be very effective, showing the important contribution that independent fact checkers and civil society can make. They can quickly alert platforms about time-sensitive content that can pose a threat to the integrity of elections. I count on the signatories and on the platform providers to make sure that this is applied to all upcoming elections. Madam President, honourable Members, protecting democracy from the threats it faces today requires a comprehensive response. We are now preparing the new European democracy shield to address the most severe risk to democracy in the EU. The shield will aim to combat foreign information manipulation, interference and disinformation. It aims to strengthen the EU's ability to detect, analyse and proactively counter threats. It will also address domestic threats to democracy. We do not start this work from scratch. The shield will build on the work already done on the European democracy action plan and the defence of democracy package. Commissioner McGrath is leading the work with my close collaboration and working together also with other members of the College. Soon we will launch consultations to shape up the upcoming shield. I am eager to hear the valuable contributions that Parliament will bring to this very important initiative, especially the new special committee on the democracy shield. I want to assure you that the Commission is extremely committed to protect European democracy and civic discourse. The Commission is fully dedicated to use all the tools we have at disposal to defend our democracies. I remain fully available to hear your views as we work together to achieve this common goal. Thank you for your attention.

Dear President, honourable Members, free and fair elections are the cornerstone of democracy and democracy is a fundamental European value according to Article 2 of the Treaty of the European Union. Democracies today face many vulnerabilities, as recently witnessed during the Romanian presidential elections. Democracies face threats from hostile actors both within the EU and also from abroad. The Commission actively supports democracy in the EU. Protecting elections is at the heart of our work. Electoral matters are the competence and also the responsibility of the Member States. However, the Commission can support Member States in many ways. Ahead of the 2019 European elections, the Commission established the European cooperation network on elections to support exchanges between Member State authorities. The network has been activated following recent events. In 2020, the first comprehensive framework to protect democracy in Europe – the European Democracy Action Plan – was adopted. In 2021, a package strengthening the integrity of elections, including a regulation on the transparency of political advertising, was proposed. This regulation will become fully applicable in October 2025. It will give us more tools to address disinformation, manipulation of information and foreign intervention in electoral campaigns. And finally, last year, the Commission adopted the defence of democracy package. It includes recommendations on inclusive and resilient elections. The recommendations include encouraging election integrity and fair campaigning, protecting election-related infrastructure and information and minimising the risk of interference from third countries. As election campaigning happens more and more online, we need to make full use of the Digital Services Act adopted during the last mandate. It is important to note that the DSA does not regulate content. Instead, it established a risk management framework for very large online platforms and for very large online search engines. The DSA fully respects the freedom of speech under the DSA. Ahead of the many elections taking place this year across the EU, in April 2024 the Commission issued guidelines for electoral processes. These guidelines recommend measures which the platform and search engines can take to protect elections in accordance with the DSA. These recommendations are on, for example, recommender systems, integrity of services, third party research and data access, cooperation with national authorities, independent experts and civil society. The Commission also works closely with the Digital Service Coordinators, the national DSA enforcement authorities, especially when elections are scheduled or under way in any of the Member States. Regarding the recent elections in Romania, the Commission expressed concerns when there started to be signs of coordinated online influence operations targeting the elections, especially on TikTok. We took swift action under the DSA. We have now sent three requests for information to TikTok on its management of the risks of information manipulation during elections, including on risks of inauthentic or automated exploitation of its service, its recommender systems and also political advertising. The Commission has also issued a data retention order. It orders TikTok to preserve data related to the management of systemic risks that the design, functioning or use of its service could pose on electoral processes and civic discourse in the context of national elections in the EU Member States. Thanks to this order, we will be able to request and assess relevant evidence concerning the management of risks related to national elections in the Member States of the EU, taking place between 24 November 2024 and 31 March 2025. Now, we have carefully reviewed the evidence provided by TikTok on the measures taken in the context of the Romanian elections. On this basis, we have sufficient grounds to suspect that TikTok may have been in breach of their obligations under the DSA to properly assess and mitigate risks related to electoral processes and civic discourse. Therefore, today, the Commission decided to open an investigation. This concerns, in particular, the issues of political ads and the manipulation of TikTok's recommender system. At the same time, signatories of the Code of Practice on Disinformation, including both online platforms and civil society organisations, have activated the rapid response system for the Romanian elections. The system ensures good cooperation in ensuring electoral periods and quick exchange of information between civil society organisations, fact checkers and online platforms. The Romanian case has also been discussed with the European Board for Digital Services and there have been exchanges with the Romanian authorities. Honourable Members, moving beyond elections in Romania, the Commission has previously opened also three investigations, notably against X, Facebook and Instagram. Regarding X, the investigation focuses on the measures to tackle risks following from the actual and foreseeable negative effects on civic discourse and electoral processes stemming from the design and functioning of X in the EU, including also the effectiveness of its user-driven moderation, also risks linked to dissemination of illegal content, such as illegal hate speech and terrorist content, and also the measures to mitigate inauthentic platform manipulation, such as the use of fake accounts and bots. Regarding Facebook and Instagram, the investigation focuses on their practices related to deceptive ads, disinformation campaigns and the visibility of political content. The Commission is also investigating Meta's election monitoring tool. The Commission is carrying out in-depth investigations on the cases as a matter of priority, respecting all procedural and legal obligations. In cooperation with national Digital Service Coordinators, the Commission is very closely monitoring the platforms' compliance with the DSA ahead of upcoming elections in the EU Member States. We have also stepped out of alert level on cyber threats, and we are ready to coordinate our actions to enhance cyber security around electoral campaigns. We are ready to use all tools available if needed. Honourable Members, as President von der Leyen has said, our democracy is a constant work in progress. We have started work on the new European democracy shield under the leadership of Commissioner McGrath, by bringing together contributions from across many policy areas. The shield will aim to combat foreign information manipulation, interference and disinformation. We need to become better at detecting, analysing and proactively also countering threats. We will increase efforts to strengthen media freedom and the safety of journalists. We will reinforce also the resilience of societies and preparedness and we will better equip our citizens with skills to navigate the information space, especially online. I would like to thank you, honourable Members of the European Parliament, for supporting democracy in your work, including with the new special committee you are setting up. We are looking very much forward to cooperating with the new committee. I want to assure you that the Commission is very committed to protecting democracy. I remain fully available to hear your views as we work together to achieve this common goal.

Mr President, Commissioner, there are two themes on which the European Union must focus in the coming years: strengthening overall security and improving the competitiveness of the economy. For the past 15 years, the European Union has been lagging behind the growth of the United States. We need to create a Europe that encourages innovation and investment in Europe. It is excellent that Member States have now put competitiveness very strongly on the agenda for the coming years. We need to do four things in order to succeed. First, the Member States must cease to compete with each other for State aid. Secondly, we need to create regulation that encourages investment and innovation in Europe. We have far too much bureaucracy, an administrative burden that hinders investment and innovation. We need to speed up permitting processes so that our new ideas can enter the market in such a way that investments can be triggered. We also need to ensure that Europe has a skilled workforce for companies in the future. We also need to invest more in research and development. Only in this way will the industry remain competitive here and we will be able to respond to major global challenges.

Madam President, Commissioner, dear colleagues, on behalf of ITRE Committee, I would like to thank all the rapporteurs and shadow rapporteurs for your good cooperation on this very important file. Europe must strengthen our economic and security capabilities across all critical sectors. One of these critical areas is the pharmaceutical industry. It’s one of our most important industrial sectors. It employs directly more than 840 000 people in Europe and invests over EUR 40 billion annually in research and development. These figures are significant, but the pace of growth and investments in comparison to regions such as Asia and the United States are significantly higher. It means that incentives for pharmaceutical and development research and new innovations in Europe must be increased. Otherwise, there is a risk of new investments increasingly flowing to other parts of the world. It’s important to ensure the availability of critical medicines in all situations in Europe, and therefore ITRE Committee sees that in this legislation it’s particularly important to focus on our competitiveness, security of supply and the promotion of research and development and new innovations in this sector.

Madam President, I want to thank all the rapporteurs, shadows and all the committees who have been working with this very important report. This legislation gives now more flexibility for our tourist buses, and in the same time, we are also taking care of our single market and about our safety of transport. So I want to thank everybody and I think we find a balanced agreement with the Council, and I hope that everybody can support this result.

Madam President, Prime Minister Orpo, I wish to thank you, Prime Minister, for being here with us today, and thank you for your excellent speech. The three main priorities you highlighted – strengthening Europe’s strategic competitiveness, improving our comprehensive security and promoting a clean transition – are precisely the sectors on which the European Union must focus. We must create a Europe that encourages companies to innovate and invest in Europe. We need to strengthen our own capacity, both in the economy and in security, so that Europe has the ability to act in all situations. Finland is a good example of a model of comprehensive security where citizens, companies and the public sector work closely together to ensure preparedness, resilience and security of supply. Your proposal for a preparedness Union is indeed an excellent initiative that should be taken forward. Prime Minister, I fully support your words about Ukraine. The European Union must bolster up our support for Ukraine. Concrete decisions and action is needed. We must help Ukraine win the war.

Mr President, Commissioner, yesterday, for the first time, the European Environment Agency published a European climate risk assessment. The message of the evaluation was quite harsh: extreme heat, drought, forest fires and floods are worsening in Europe, even in the most optimistic scenarios, affecting living conditions across Europe. Risks are elevated in the areas of the environment, food safety, health, infrastructure, as well as the economy and finance. There will no longer be any doubt anywhere in Europe as to why we need effective joint action not only to combat climate change but also to adapt to it. I am very glad that when the Commission published its own 2040 climate plan and target a few weeks ago, it had a more technologically neutral approach. For the first time, nuclear power was taken as an equal source of energy with renewable energies and also took an active grip on new technologies such as carbon capture and storage. We need this type of technology to effectively combat climate change, but we also need to adapt to change and tackling climate risks is an important part of the overall security of the European Union as a whole. We need to strengthen resilience. It is part of our strategic autonomy. The COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine have also shown how many different crises and hybrid threats Europe needs to prepare for. We should develop the European Union towards a Union of readiness. Member states should be able to prepare for different crises in a coordinated manner and not only respond to emergencies. Finnish continuous preparedness and security of supply thinking could serve as a good example in this regard.

Mr President, Commissioner, ladies and gentlemen, this process of negotiating the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive has been very difficult and it is worth thanking all those involved for putting the proposal on a much better track than the Commission's original proposal. The directive is still quite ambitious. The goal is that new buildings should be zero-emission by 2030 and public buildings by 2028. Initially, the problem was that the Commission did not really take into account the different regions and their conditions in Europe at all. It did not take into account the fact that we have very different buildings, energy forms and infrastructures and that climate conditions vary across Europe, but rather the Commission set out very schematically to insist that everyone has to renovate a certain number of buildings, regardless of the baseline in terms of energy efficiency. And that didn't make any sense financially. In my own country, Finland, for example, buildings are by definition very energy efficient because the climate is cold. In Finland, the majority of buildings are heated with electricity, and more than 90 per cent of electricity is already emission-free, meaning that buildings are very environmentally friendly and energy efficient in many ways. The Commission's original proposal was also too micromanaged. It went into too much detail to determine how to install solar panels or electricity charging posts. These are issues that should not be decided at European level. They must be decided nationally, in regions, perhaps in cities or in the property itself. We need to focus on the big lines, and I think that here the directive is now back on better track. This gives Member States the freedom to determine for themselves the most efficient way to achieve energy efficiency and how to renovate buildings. We must ensure that, when we make these reforms, they are always economically and socially sustainable.

Mr President, Commissioner, dear colleagues, as the first legislation of its kind, the Cyber Resilience Act is much called for and necessary for the security of digital products in the EU internal market. Currently, many digital products that originate from third countries are sold in the internal market, but the level of the cybersecurity and possible software updates is unknown. The trilogue outcome of the Cyber Resilience Act is a balanced agreement that will provide better consumer protection and boost also fair competition. It will ensure that all digital products that are put on the EU market, both hardware and software, are cyber-secure throughout their whole life cycle and will receive security updates. Promoting innovation is crucial for ensuring European competitiveness. We need to make sure that our smallest enterprises are not faced with an overly heavy administrative burden. Necessary flexibility and legal certainty is needed for small businesses to operate and grow. The CRA will ensure that our micro- and small enterprises are supported, especially through training and in conformity assessment procedures. The number of cyberattacks is consistently growing and they are becoming more sophisticated every day. Small businesses and critical institutions are targeted by cybercriminals. Cybersecurity concerns all sectors of society. Common rules and standards can significantly reduce vulnerabilities and risks related to digital products. Cybersecurity by design can help ensure our overall security. I would like to thank our rapporteur, Mr Danti, and all the shadow rapporteurs for their excellent cooperation on this very important file.

Mr President, Commissioner, strengthening competitiveness is the most important theme of the European Union's next term. The rise of international tensions, the war, has increased the importance of the geo-economy and a new kind of blockade of the global economy is underway. Europe needs to strengthen its own capacity to act, both in economic and security terms, and to reduce its high-risk dependencies. We need to create a Europe that attracts innovation and investment in Europe. We know that at the moment we are not doing well enough in this competition. We need to reduce the administrative burden on businesses. We need to speed up permitting processes in order to mobilise investment. We must ensure that good projects in Europe receive competitive, efficient funding without at the same time breaking the internal market, and above all we must ensure the availability of skilled labour also in the future.

Mr President, Commissioner, dear colleagues, for Europe to stay competitive we need to do more to encourage innovation. This requires continued investment in research, development and innovation. When talking about innovation, the importance of patents needs to be recognised. Therefore, it is important to maintain a balance between the interests of patent holders and the users of standards. Reducing patent protection will increase risks as it will discourage European companies from participating in the development of global standards by undermining patent protection. I have to say that this proposed regulation can have a negative impact on Europe’s competitiveness, especially in the development of 5G and 6G technologies, where standard essential patents play a crucial role. We know that 5G and 6G technologies are extremely important to the EU in developing its strategic autonomy and its global competitive edge in digital technologies. If Europe wants to keep its innovative edge we need to have stable and meaningful intellectual property rights such as patent rights. I have to say that this proposed compromise does not take into account patent protection and creates too much regulatory burden, especially to the standard essential patent holders.

Mr President, Commissioner, the promotion of women's rights and gender equality is a core part of the EU's fundamental values, and it is important for us to promote this not only within the European Union but also globally. However, there is still a lot of work to be done. Equality is far from being achieved. An estimate was made here that at this rate, gender equality would be achieved in Europe in 60 years and globally at this rate it would take 300 years. It is clear that progress needs to be accelerated. It is good to note that important and important steps have been taken in the European Union in recent years, particularly the decision taken last year by which the European Union finally acceded to the Istanbul Convention, which now includes funding, policy and legislative measures. Similarly, this week agreement was reached on a directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence. This is the first legal instrument at EU level that now criminalises physical violence and psychological, economic and sexual violence against women across the EU, including online. Female genital mutilation and forced marriage are also criminalised as separate offences. It is also important that the new rules criminalise the most common forms of cyber violence, such as non-consensual sharing of intimate images, including forgery as well as cyber harassment, cyber espionage, misogyny and cyber flashes. So much has been achieved, but we still have a lot to do.

Mr President, Prime Minister, two withdrawals from the programme of the Belgian Presidency. Firstly, respect for the EU's fundamental values, the rule of law and democracy. You have promised to continue discussions with Hungary. I encourage you to move forward in this process and to find among the member states that Hungary is seriously and permanently violating the fundamental values of the EU and its right to vote must be suspended. This is necessary to restore the EU's capacity for action and credibility. Another important theme is the EU's decision-making capacity in foreign policy matters. In this international context, the European Union must be able to act quickly, uniformly and effectively. The fact that all foreign policy decisions currently require the full unanimity of the Member States makes the European Union too slow, rigid and uneven. You have also promised to promote the debate on the transition to qualified majority voting in EU foreign policy. This would already be possible if the European Council decided to do so. I encourage you to move forward. This is very important in this international context.

Madam President, dear colleagues, as the rapporteur, I would like to ask the report to be referred back to the Transport Committee for the start of interinstitutional negotiations.

Mr President, thank you to all the negotiators for the excellent result and the speedy handling of this legislation. I regard this initiative to secure critical raw materials as one of the most important initiatives of this parliamentary term. In any critical sector, the European Union must not be overly dependent on an individual supplier, a third country. It is important that we increase the production of critical raw materials in Europe and the processing and recycling in Europe. It would be irresponsible to drive the green transition and try to outsource all its disadvantages to the rest of the world. We know that in Europe we are able to produce, process and recycle these raw materials in a responsible way, both from an environmental and labour perspective. It is equally important to invest more in research and development in this area and to seek substitute, sustainable raw materials and actively engage in partnerships with like-minded countries so that we can be sure that we have the capacity to act in all circumstances.

Madam President, I want to thank my shadow rapporteurs for the collaboration on this file. We have now a broad majority, which I hope will support the Committee on Transport and Tourism (TRAN Committee) result in the vote tomorrow. Why do we need this regulation? I think we all know that transporting people is very different from transporting goods. And this is the reason why the Parliament has asked and the Commission has proposed this revision of the existing driving and resting time rules for the occasional passenger transport sector. At the TRAN Committee, we support the Commission’s view that some more flexibility is needed here, both for the drivers and for the passengers. Occasional passenger transport, meaning usually tourist bus services are characterised by seasonality and changing circumstances during the trips. Flexibility is in the essence of those services, and it is also the reason why the passengers have chosen that service and not the regular passenger service. At the same time, we must continue to always preserve road safety and ensure proper working conditions for the drivers. We should also keep in mind that the regulation on driving and resting times has been revised only a few years ago, as a part of the Mobility Package. Therefore, these regulatory updates should remain limited and concern only the occasional passenger transport sector. With regard to the rules on brakes, the current rules do not, in practice, always match with the natural stops of occasional passenger journeys. Too rigid timetables adds stress to the drivers. In order to be able to provide a good quality transport service, the drivers need to adapt to changing circumstances. The TRAN Committee’s compromise on brakes now allows splitting the daily brake into two breaks of a minimum of 15 minutes each. These breaks can be divided in more flexible manner than in the current rules. On the rules on daily rests, the TRAN Committee supports the possibility for postponing the start of the daily rest with one hour in certain situations. The tourism journeys are usually going like that, that longer distances driven at the beginning and the end of the tour, and by shorter driving time at the place where the touristic activities are taking place. The one extra hour allows the driver to better respond also to passenger needs. The main negotiation point has been the condition of the number of days required to use this derogation. The Commission originally proposed that the derogation can be used on trips lasting eight days or longer. However, tourism trips in the EU on average are much shorter, only 4 to 5 days. For ensuring that the one-hour derogation can sometimes actually be used in practice the compromise brings the condition down to six days. One important objective of the EU rules on driving and resting times is to ensure fair competition within the EU internal market. Therefore, at the TRAN Committee, we support the Commission proposal to allow drivers to postpone their weekly rest up to 12 days on both international and national journeys. The alignment of national and international services also simplifies the enforcement and control of driving and resting rules. We all know that all these rules do not matter if they are not enforced and controlled properly. Already now, in practice, there are big challenges in several member States with enforcement and control of existing rules, both in freight and in passenger transport. Therefore, at the TRAN Committee, we have introduced measures to facilitate the work of control authorities with regards to, for example, digital journey forms and smart tachographs.

Mr President, Commissioner, I am very pleased that, in recent years, the attitude towards nuclear power has also become much more positive at European level. However, despite the fact that more than a third of zero-emission electricity in Europe is generated by nuclear power, the use of nuclear power has very strongly divided the positions of the Member States and the Commission has also been rather reluctant to promote nuclear-related projects. I think that the climate here has now changed clearly, because we need to get rid of fossil fuels and we need efficient, clean ways to produce energy securely and evenly. Nuclear power is just such a solution. This positive attitude is demonstrated by the fact that last week ministers in the Council took the position that nuclear power should be included in the list of net-zero technologies, i.e. to promote nuclear-related technologies. Parliament took a similar position earlier. This attitude is also demonstrated by the fact that this very good report by Mr Bogovič on small-scale nuclear power plants received very broad support in the vote in the Committee on Industry and Energy. These modular small reactors now have a very high international interest at the global level. These investments are smaller than conventional nuclear power plants. We have the opportunity to produce these in series, to locate them more flexibly than traditional large nuclear power plants in different locations, and this production is also easier to regulate. But now much more needs to be invested in R&D to keep Europe in this competition. We, too, have many Member States in Europe that have developed projects in this area, but we need a European framework in which we support research, product development and innovation in this area. Similarly, we need a framework to promote joint licensing and flexible permitting processes so that we can actually start serial production and quickly mobilise investments to effectively reduce emissions in Europe and produce our own energy.

Mr President, Commissioner, Council, over the past period, almost 600 initiatives were included in the work programme of the European Commission. That's a huge amount. While we have rightly promoted Europe's green and digital transitions, the Commission has produced a huge number of new directives, regulations and delegated acts, and I am not saying at all that the European Parliament would have been in any way better at this reduction of bureaucracy. As a result, there has been a huge amount of overlapping, cross-border legislation and obligations on our industry and companies. The administrative burden is enormous for these large companies, but especially when we are talking about SMEs. We need to put a stop to this. We really need to lighten and reduce regulation, and not just talk about it nicely. We are well aware that, at the beginning of this period, the Commission undertook to implement: one in, one out -the rule, that is, whenever there is a new obligation, the second end is lightened. No results have been achieved from this. Now, as new, the Commission has promised to include a competitiveness check, a competitiveness assessment, in every new piece of legislation, as well as the SME test. We look forward to the results. Of course, it is positive that the Commission has now taken up this issue and made it a priority in its work programme for next year. But yes, we must set the goal of strengthening the strategic competitiveness of Europe as a whole for the coming EU term. This means that we need to create legislation that encourages investment and innovation in Europe. The additional administrative burden must be reduced and companies must be given the opportunity to come up with new ideas and create new ones.

Madam President, Madam Commissioner, during November, more than 500 asylum seekers arrived in Finland from Russia. They are mainly young men from Syria, Somalia and Yemen. This is an organised activity where the Russians transport the persons in question by car near the Finnish border, and they cycle to the border. The situation is difficult because it is -20 degrees below zero in northern Finland now. This way, Russia is using migrants as a weapon at the Finnish border, trying to create chaos and confusion. This needs to be stopped. However, the situation at the Finnish border did not catch us off-guard. Fences have been built on the border and now, without delay, the Finnish Government has closed half of the border-crossing points with Russia. The Finnish Government is prepared to take strong actions following national laws and EU and international obligations. This situation underlines the need to reform international rules. We should have a unified EU model to respond to the instrumentalisation of migration. Effective and coordinated monitoring of the EU’s external borders is crucial to prevent neighbouring countries from using migrants for their own purposes, and to safeguard people’s fundamental rights. It’s crucial for the European Union to act together in this matter and make full use of the expertise and resources of Europol and Frontex.

Mr President, Commissioner, it is very important that we reduce emissions in the transport sector. We know that it is the only sector where emissions have only increased and trucks, heavy transport, are responsible for 25% of EU road transport emissions. It is therefore justified to pay attention to this. However, it is important that when we set these targets, we take into account the different circumstances in Europe. I represent the Finns here. You know that Finland has very long distances, sparse population and a cold climate. So it is neither realistic nor even cost-effective to think that we would quickly switch to electric trucks in these circumstances. Conditions are completely different in urban, distribution and bus transport, where electrification may very quickly be ahead. Due to the circumstances, exceptionally heavy, large trucks are used in Finland and this is a cost-effective way for us to reduce emissions, because we are able to produce less carbon dioxide emissions per tonne with a large truck than if we had two or three trucks carrying the same cargo. It is therefore important to take into account the different conditions in the regions when setting these targets. We are now aiming for 90% of new heavy-duty vehicles to be zero-emission by 2040. It is important that these largest combinations are now excluded, but we also need to increase technology neutrality, take biogas, renewable fuels into account and promote a life-cycle-based calculation model. I personally support the addition of the Carbon Correction Factor, a carbon correction factor that allows us to add a neutral dimension to this technology.