A10-0182/2026 – Javi López, Borja Giménez Larraz – Motion for a resolution (as a whole)

Wording as published by the EP, in English.

1. Amendment 1Rejected

   Paragraph 45

   Tabled by Anna Cavazzini, Diana Riba i Giner · Verts/ALE

   45. Removed: Acknowledges the fact that the Agreement contains robust provisions on investment protection designed to increase investor confidence and ensure a fair and predictable regulatory environment; supports the replacement of Added: Considers that while the new investment protection chapter replaces outdated bilateral investment treaties and thus brings some procedural improvements to the outdated investor-state dispute settlement Removed: mechanism with the new Investment Court System; notes that EU investment stocks in Mexico reached EUR 209 billion in 2023, and believes that replacing the outdated dispute settlement system with the Investment Court System will further secure significant investment ties; Added: mechanisms, it still protects fossil fuel investments and contains commitments going well beyond non-discrimination, which risks damaging the legitimate right of public authorities to regulate; urges the parties to ensure the Removed: consistency Added: alignment of investment protection provisions with environmental policies, labour rights and human rights; Added: calls for a swift review of the investment protection chapter in line with Parliament’s recommendations in its resolution of 23 June 2022 on the future of EU international investment policy, such as excluding fossil fuel-related investments from its scope and carving out parties’ climate policies from provisions on investment protection;

2. Amendment 3Rejected

   Paragraph 51

   Tabled by Anna Cavazzini, Diana Riba i Giner · Verts/ALE

   51. Removed: Notes that the parties have agreed to initiate a review of the Agreement’s TSD provisions upon its entry into force, and to conclude it within 12 months; stresses the importance for the EU and Mexico of including, as part of this review, Added: Regrets that the chapter on TSD is not subject to the general state-to-state dispute settlement mechanism and therefore the provisions dealing with the protection of the environment and workers’ rights are not enforceable; further regrets that the Paris Agreement Removed: as Added: is not an essential element of the Removed: Agreement; Added: Modernised Global Agreement; calls for the parties, as part of the TSD review, to include the Paris Agreement and ILO core conventions as essential elements of the Agreement and to make the TSD chapter subject to the general state-to-state dispute settlement mechanism of the Agreement;

3. Amendment 5Rejected

   Recital A a (new)

   Tabled by Alexander Sell, Marcin Sypniewski · ESN

   Added: Aa. whereas Mexico bears the primary and exclusive responsibility for safeguarding its internal security, maintaining public order, enforcing the rule of law, combating organised crime and drug trafficking, administering criminal justice and determining the organisation of its judiciary, including the method of appointment or election of judges and other judicial officials; whereas decisions concerning constitutional and judicial reforms fall within the sovereign competence of the Mexican people and their democratically elected institutions; whereas the EU should fully respect Mexico’s sovereignty and constitutional autonomy and refrain from interfering in matters falling within the competence of the Mexican authorities or seeking to impose external institutional models;

4. Amendment 6Rejected

   Recital E

   Tabled by Alexander Sell, Marcin Sypniewski · ESN

   E. whereas Removed: both the EU Added: the EU Member States and Mexico face Removed: renewed global and regional challenges requiring enhanced collaboration in areas such as the defence of the rules-based multilateral order, the promotion of human rights and democracy, climate change, sustainable development, gender equality, transnational and organised crime, drug trafficking and the fight against drug cartels, cybersecurity, the human rights-based governance of artificial intelligence, human mobility, corruption and respect for the rule of law; Added: significant challenges posed by illegal migration, transnational organised crime and human trafficking networks;

5. Amendment 11Rejected

   Paragraph 16

   Tabled by Milan Uhrík, Marcin Sypniewski · ESN

   16. Acknowledges Mexico’s commitment to Removed: sustainable growth strategies and national development plans that Removed: prioritise Added: take into account environmental protection, social inclusion and economic Removed: diversification, which align with the EU’s objectives under the Green Deal and the 2030 Agenda; Added: diversification; welcomes the role of the Agreement in promoting the sustainable management of …

6. Amendment 12Rejected

   Paragraph 34 a (new)

   Tabled by Sarah Knafo, Marcin Sypniewski · ESN

   Added: 34a. Stresses that the removal of tariffs on agricultural products must not expose European farmers and food producers to unfair competition from Mexican imports produced under lower environmental, animal welfare and food safety standards than those required in the EU; calls on the Commission to activate safeguard clauses swiftly and automatically where import surges cause or threaten to cause serious injury to sensitive EU agricultural sectors, in particular beef, pork, poultry and dairy;

7. Amendment 13Rejected

   Paragraph 34 b (new)

   Tabled by Sarah Knafo, Marcin Sypniewski · ESN

   Added: 34b. Insists that all agricultural products imported from Mexico must be subject to systematic and binding controls at EU borders to verify full compliance with EU sanitary, phytosanitary and production standards, and that products that do not meet these standards must be refused entry into the EU market without exception; considers that the principle of reciprocity must be the cornerstone of any agricultural trade arrangement, and that European producers must never be placed at a structural competitive disadvantage as a result of this Agreement;

8. Amendment 14Rejected

   Paragraph 34 a (new)

   Tabled by Enikő Győri, Thierry Mariani, Isabella Tovaglieri +1 · PfE

   Added: 34a. Notes that Mexico is the world’s largest producer of natural honey; acknowledges the Commission’s 2024 cumulative impact assessment of forthcoming trade agreements, but regrets that their specific effects on the EU honey market were not assessed in sufficient detail; calls on the Commission to assess the cumulative impact of honey imports from Mexico and other third countries on prices, market stability and the viability of beekeeping in the EU, to address any significant market disturbance without delay using the Agreement’s safeguard measures, and to update its 2024 assessment in the light of ongoing and recently concluded trade negotiations;

9. Amendment 15Rejected

   Paragraph 51

   Tabled by Enikő Győri, Thierry Mariani, Isabella Tovaglieri +2 · PfE

   … upon its entry into force, and to conclude it within 12 months; Removed: stresses the importance for the EU and Mexico of including, as part of this review, the Paris Agreement as an essential element of the Agreement;

10. Amendment 16Rejected

    Recital J a (new)

    Tabled by Pernando Barrena Arza, Manon Aubry, Younous Omarjee +9 · The Left

    Added: Ja. whereas both parties have demonstrated a firm commitment to the Paris Agreement, the UN 2030 Agenda and the core International Labour Organization conventions; whereas the political project known as the Fourth Transformation (4T), initiated under President Andrés Manuel López Obrador and continued by President Claudia Sheinbaum, is grounded in the fight against corruption, the reduction of poverty and the reversal of neoliberal policies, objectives that are broadly convergent with EU values of social cohesion and inclusive growth; whereas strengthening institutional ties between the EU and the Mexican Government is essential for translating these shared values into concrete, measurable outcomes for workers, communities and ecosystems on both sides;

11. Amendment 17Rejected

    Recital M a (new)

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Younous Omarjee, Marina Mesure +8 · The Left

    Added: Ma. whereas the current Mexican Government has taken significant steps towards a more inclusive economic model, including substantial increases in the national minimum wage, the expansion of social protection programmes and the strengthening of workers’ pension rights; whereas these policies have contributed to measurable improvements in living standards and are broadly aligned with the EU’s objectives of social cohesion and inclusive growth; whereas such convergence of social and economic values constitutes a solid foundation on which to deepen the political relationship between the EU and Mexico;

12. Amendment 18Rejected

    Paragraph 5

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Danilo Della Valle +11 · The Left

    5. Highlights the Removed: fact that the modernised Agreement will further consolidate this long-standing partnership, Added: importance of strengthening political dialogue and cooperation on global challenges while promoting stability, prosperity and mutual understanding between the two regions; Added: stresses that this cooperation should be based on solidarity and mutual benefit; underlines that such relations should not be driven by further liberalisation, but by an alternative trade model that prioritises human rights, social justice and environmental sustainability, ensures policy space for public interest regulation, and supports fair and diversified economic development;

13. Amendment 19Rejected

    Paragraph 5 a (new)

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Younous Omarjee, Marina Mesure +8 · The Left

    Added: 5a. Commends the efforts of the Mexican Government to pursue, through the Fourth Transformation (4T), an economic and social model centred on fighting corruption, reducing poverty and reversing excessive inequalities, reflecting values shared with the EU; notes that this political project also aims at reducing Mexico’s excessive dependence on a single international partner and consolidating relations with alternative partners, making the modernisation of the EU-Mexico Agreement a strategic priority for Mexico itself; calls for the EU institutions to significantly strengthen political relations with Mexico, recognising it as a privileged political ally in the defence of multilateralism and sustainable development; urges the Council and the Commission to elevate the EU-Mexico relationship to the highest tier of external political partnerships, including through regular summits of heads of state, enhanced parliamentary diplomacy and a joint initiative on inclusive development and a just transition;

14. Amendment 20Rejected

    Paragraph 33

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Lynn Boylan, Younous Omarjee +9 · The Left

    33. Considers Removed: the Agreement to be an important signal in support of open, fair and rules- and values-based trade at a time of increasing economic fragmentation, instability and protectionism; stresses the importance of the Agreement in reducing strategic dependencies; believes that the Agreement will be mutually beneficial and contribute to enhancing long-term economic development, job creation, diversification and sustainability; underlines that open trade fosters competitiveness, expands opportunities for businesses and consumers, and contributes to growth and technological progress in both partner economies; stresses that under the most ambitious scenario, total EU exports of goods and services could increase by 75 %, while EU companies could save up to EUR 100 million per year in customs duties; encourages assessing the socio-economic impact of the Agreement throughout its implementation; Added: that, while the Agreement may signal support for open and rules-based trade, the economic case for this Agreement remains weak; notes that the Commission’s own assessments of the existing agreement point to limited economic benefits and limited evidence of job creation and export diversification;

15. Amendment 21Rejected

    Paragraph 33 a (new)

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Danilo Della Valle +11 · The Left

    Added: 33a. Expresses concern that the Agreement may accelerate delocalisation, particularly in the automotive sector, by incentivising the organisation of production around lower-cost assembly in Mexico; notes that existing EU-Mexico trade patterns already show EU manufacturers using Mexico as an assembly hub for final goods; warns that this model risks putting workers in the EU and Mexico in direct competition with one another, contributing to downward pressure on wages, employment and labour standards; calls on the Commission to ensure that EU trade policy actively supports and defends EU industrial capacity, quality employment and fair working conditions;

16. Amendment 22Rejected

    Paragraph 34

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Danilo Della Valle +10 · The Left

    34. Notes that Removed: under the Agreement almost all remaining tariffs will be removed; highlights, in particular, the significant economic opportunities for EU farmers and agri-food exporters resulting from the removal of Removed: the very high Mexican tariffs on products such as cheese and pork, which currently reach up to 45 %, and poultry, which currently reach up to 100 %; welcomes the opportunities this presents for European food producers; notes that the EU maintains an agri-food trade surplus with Mexico; stresses the importance of closely monitoring, during its implementation, the impact of the Agreement on sensitive sectors of the EU, such as those relevant to coastal and fishing communities and their dependent processing industries, including, but not limited to, those making products such as canned tuna; Added: remaining tariffs on agri-food products may benefit large exporters while increasing pressure on smaller farmers in the EU and Mexico by favouring export-oriented, large-scale production; warns that the cumulative effect of successive trade agreements risks market destabilisation, downward pressure on prices and further challenges for farm incomes; calls on the Commission to ensure reciprocity of standards, strengthened pesticide controls and full compliance with EU standards for food safety, animal and plant health, and environmental and consumer protection; stresses that trade policy should support farmers’ livelihoods, sustainable agriculture and food sovereignty;

17. Amendment 23Rejected

    Paragraph 36

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Lynn Boylan +10 · The Left

    … safety, environmental protection, technical product standards, and regulations on genetically modified organisms; Added: expresses concern about the use of active substances not approved in the EU, such as atrazine, and evidence of higher pesticide residues in Mexican products; welcomes the recent decision by President Claudia Sheinbaum to ban 35 highly hazardous pesticides; calls on the Commission to ensure strengthened controls and full compliance with EU standards;

18. Amendment 24Rejected

    Paragraph 37

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Lynn Boylan +10 · The Left

    37. Removed: Welcomes Added: Notes the fact that the new market access commitments with regard to trade in services Removed: will Added: could open up new business opportunities for EU and Mexican companies in strategic … both markets; notes that the Agreement contains a state-of-the-art chapter on digital Removed: trade that will facilitate electronic commerce, provide legal certainty by removing barriers to online trade, allow firms to operate with greater efficiency, protect consumers in the growing digital economy and uphold the right to regulate; Added: trade; expresses concern that some provisions, including restrictions on access to source code, may limit the transparency and accountability of algorithmic systems and undermine labour rights, including for platform workers; calls on the Commission to ensure that digital trade provisions Removed: remain consistent with Added: do not undermine the EU’s digital regulatory framework, including transparency and consumer protection objectives;

19. Amendment 25Rejected

    Paragraph 37 a (new)

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Lynn Boylan, Younous Omarjee +9 · The Left

    Added: 37a. Regrets the inclusion of provisions prohibiting the imposition of customs duties on e-commerce transactions; notes this may undermine fiscal sovereignty and lead to a loss of public revenues for Mexico and the EU Member States; calls on the Commission to reassess these provisions and ensure that digital trade rules do not erode the tax base;

20. Amendment 26Rejected

    Paragraph 38

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Danilo Della Valle +11 · The Left

    … expanding market and a strategic partner in the supply of critical raw Removed: materials, offering the EU opportunities to enhance its resilience and deepen transatlantic ties; Added: materials; notes Mexico’s vital role as a producer of critical raw materials, particularly … imports, which is critical for the steel, iron and refrigeration supply chains; Removed: supports the Agreement’s aim of ensuring a more secure and diversified supply of critical raw materials essential for the EU’s green and digital transition through improved market access and provisions on non-discrimination, Added: expresses concern that the Agreement reflects an EU approach focused on securing access to raw materials without a strategy to reduce overall resource consumption; warns that the EU’s continued and unsustainable pursuit of external raw material supplies risks perpetuating patterns of neo-extractivism and reinforcing the EU’s structural dependency on imported raw materials and goods, rather than addressing underlying demand; stresses that provisions such as the prohibition of Removed: import and export monopolies and Removed: a Added: the ban on dual Removed: pricing; Added: pricing significantly constrain Mexico’s ability to pursue domestic industrial policies, develop local value chains and ensure the fair distribution of resource wealth; regrets the lack of binding safeguards for environmental protection, indigenous rights and local communities; calls for EU and Mexican authorities to ensure that the Agreement effectively … in enhancing social, environmental and human rights standards in the mining sector; Added: calls for a fundamental reorientation of trade policy towards reducing resource dependency, promoting circular economy approaches and ensuring that raw material partnerships are based on sustainability, equity and support for value addition in third countries;

21. Amendment 27Rejected

    Paragraph 40

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Lynn Boylan +10 · The Left

    40. Removed: Regrets Added: Notes the absence of a dedicated and comprehensive chapter on energy in the Removed: Agreement, given the sector’s strategic importance for competitiveness and energy security; acknowledges that this could constitute a source of legal uncertainty, affecting investment decisions; Added: Agreement; considers that enhanced regulatory cooperation between the EU and Mexico in the … to ensure that the review of the energy-related provisions leads to strengthened Removed: commitments on legal certainty, transparency and non-discrimination for investors, in particular in renewable energy, electricity networks, energy efficiency, storage and clean technologies; Added: commitments; calls on the Commission to report to Parliament on the outcome of …

22. Amendment 28Rejected

    Paragraph 41

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Lynn Boylan +10 · The Left

    41. Stresses the Removed: significance of the parties’ commitment to maintaining public procurement procedures that are transparent, predictable and consistent with international best practice, as a crucial step towards ensuring legal certainty and fair competition; highlights Added: importance of transparent public procurement procedures; notes the fact that the Agreement extends unprecedented market access for European bidders … on the Mexican market, including those related to public-private partnerships; notes that Removed: the Agreement will entail a significant expansion of procurement opportunities for European companies; encourages further promotion of access for European companies to public procurement markets in all Mexican states; welcomes the fact that the Agreement allows procuring entities to take into account environmental and social considerations throughout the procurement procedure; Added: public procurement is a key tool for domestic economic development and industrial policy; recalls that public procurement represents around 14 % of EU GDP and that the EU is currently revising its framework to strengthen its use in support of strategic sectors, sustainability objectives and local value creation; stresses, therefore, that trade agreements should not restrict the ability of governments to use public procurement to pursue legitimate public policies and prioritise domestic companies and national development objectives;

23. Amendment 29Rejected

    Paragraph 44

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Lynn Boylan +10 · The Left

    44. Removed: Welcomes the enhanced Added: Raises concerns regarding the strengthened protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights, which Removed: will offer EU innovators, creative industries and artists significantly stronger safeguards in Mexico than those provided under Added: go beyond the WTO TRIPS Agreement; Added: warns, in particular, that the inclusion of provisions aligned with the 1991 International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) may negatively affect farmers’ rights, seed sovereignty and biodiversity; further expresses concern about provisions on supplementary protection for pharmaceutical products in cases of delays in marketing approval, which may extend market exclusivity, delay access to affordable medicines and increase costs for public health systems; calls for a balanced approach to intellectual property that safeguards innovation while protecting public interest objectives;

24. Amendment 30Rejected

    Paragraph 45

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Danilo Della Valle +11 · The Left

    45. Removed: Acknowledges Added: Regrets the fact that the Agreement contains robust provisions on investment protection designed to Removed: increase investor confidence and ensure a fair and predictable regulatory environment; supports the replacement of the outdated investor-state dispute settlement mechanism with the new Investment Court System; notes that EU investment stocks in Mexico reached EUR 209 billion in 2023, and believes that replacing the outdated dispute settlement system with Added: protect investors; notes the lack of evidence that investment protection provisions help attract foreign direct investment; expresses concern that the Investment Court System Removed: will further secure significant investment ties; Added: continues to grant foreign investors privileged access to a parallel dispute settlement system that is unavailable to workers, communities or affected citizens; warns that this may allow investors to challenge legitimate public policy measures, creating regulatory chill and undermining state sovereignty and democratic decision-making; notes the inconsistency with the EU’s withdrawal from the Energy Charter Treaty because of similar concerns over investor claims against public-interest regulation; calls on the Commission to review the agreement with Mexico with a view to excluding investment protection provisions, as in more recent FTA negotiations; urges the parties to ensure the consistency of investment protection provisions with environmental policies, labour rights and human rights; Added: calls on the Commission to ensure obligations for investors and access to justice for affected communities;

25. Amendment 31Rejected

    Paragraph 45 b (new)

    Tabled by Danilo Della Valle, Lynn Boylan, Arash Saeidi · The Left

    Added: 45b. Denounces the inconsistency of certain Member States, notably Italy, which withdrew from the Energy Charter Treaty to escape investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) constraints on public policy; emphasises that the Investment Court System replicates the core features of ISDS by enabling investors to challenge public-interest regulation before an international tribunal; calls on the Commission and the Member States to ensure consistency with the Energy Charter Treaty withdrawal and to safeguard the right to regulate in the public interest;

26. Amendment 32Rejected

    Paragraph 48

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Lynn Boylan +9 · The Left

    … that sustained progress in these areas is crucial for strengthening EU-Mexico relations; Added: stresses, however, the need for stronger corporate accountability mechanisms, given the documented cases of human rights and environmental violations by multinational companies operating in Mexico;

27. Amendment 33Rejected

    Paragraph 49

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Lynn Boylan +10 · The Left

    … Commends the inclusion of a dedicated chapter on trade and sustainable development Removed: (TSD) containing ambitious and legally binding commitments and dispute settlements mechanisms to protect the environment and uphold workers’ rights, including by effectively implementing the relevant international conventions, such as International Labour Organization’s core labour standards; notes, in particular, the strengthened framework for labour rights, non-discrimination and gender equality; welcomes the joint declaration on trade and gender equality; stresses that these commitments should be pursued consistently as part of economic growth and competitiveness; notes that Added: (TSD); regrets, however, that these provisions lack effective enforcement mechanisms and sanctions and therefore fall short of the EU’s updated TSD approach; calls for the inclusion of sanctions for non-compliance with labour, environmental and climate commitments, and for the Paris Agreement to be recognised as an essential element of the Agreement; notes that, in the event of violations, these commitments are Removed: enforceable via dispute settlement procedures Added: only subject to recommendations by independent panels of experts; Added: believes the commitments made in the TSD chapter are not sufficient to balance the social and environmental risks posed by the proposed agreed trade liberalisation;

28. Amendment 34Rejected

    Paragraph 50

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Lynn Boylan +10 · The Left

    50. Removed: Welcomes the role of the Agreement in driving the commitment of both parties Added: Regrets that the Agreement does not include an enforceable commitment to effectively implement the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the Convention on …

29. Amendment 35Rejected

    Paragraph 50 a (new)

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Lynn Boylan +10 · The Left

    Added: 50a. Stresses that both the EU and Mexico have committed to making Europe and Mexico climate-neutral by 2050; stresses that the energy mix used in the maritime sector currently relies almost entirely on fossil fuels; notes that, in order to achieve climate neutrality, the EU must reduce transport emissions, including those from maritime transport, by 90 % by 2050 (compared to 1990 levels); is therefore concerned that greenhouse gas emissions from maritime transport interfere with the EU’s climate commitments and obligations under the Paris Agreement;

30. Amendment 36Rejected

    Paragraph 52 a (new)

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Lynn Boylan +10 · The Left

    Added: 52a. Expresses concern that the Agreement does not adequately address the risk of imports produced using pesticides banned in the EU; stresses that this creates unfair competition for EU farmers and raises serious environmental and public health concerns; calls on the Commission to ensure strict reciprocity of standards and to address this issue through binding provisions and effective controls;

31. Amendment 37Rejected

    Paragraph 54

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Lynn Boylan +10 · The Left

    … effective implementation of the Agreement, in particular as regards the TSD provisions; Added: calls for sufficient financial resources and technical assistance to be allocated to the Domestic Advisory Groups (DAGs) to allow them to be able to properly carry out their tasks;

32. Amendment 38Rejected

    Paragraph 56

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Lynn Boylan +10 · The Left

    56. Stresses the need Removed: to ensure that the relevant institutional bodies are tasked with monitoring the implementation, operation and impact of the Agreement; Added: for robust monitoring mechanisms, including independent evaluation of the Agreement’s social, environmental and employment impacts, with the full involvement of civil society;

33. Amendment 39Rejected

    Paragraph 59

    Tabled by Manon Aubry, Pernando Barrena Arza, Lynn Boylan +10 · The Left

    … prerogatives of the Member States in areas beyond the EU’s exclusive competence; Added: notes that the split ratification approach may lead to the provisional application of the trade pillar without full democratic scrutiny at national level, and calls for transparency and full parliamentary involvement throughout the ratification process;